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Germanic Languages

. Afrikaans
. Danish
. Dutch
. English
. Frisian
. German
. Icelandic

. Low German
. Norwegian
. Plattdeutsch
. Scanian
. Skåne
. Swedish
. Yiddish

Here is some general information
about the Germanic languages: Germanic Languages

 
 
Afrikaans   (Afrikaans)

. Note on Afrikaans language.
. Online Dictionary English to Afrikaans - interpret.co.za New.


 
 
Danish   (Dansk)

. Learn to speak Danish  a simple one page intro.

Grammar
. tsca's Danish Grammar site one
. tsca's Danish Grammar site two
. Danish Grammar for the World

Lessons
. Speakdanish.dk - Introduction to the Danish language  New.

Dictionaries
. Danish English Dictionary
. Online English to Danish to English Dictionary
. Retskrivningsordbogen på nettet fra Dansk Sprognævn (Danish) New.
. Mikroøkonomisk glossarium - alfabetisk (Danish) New.
. Otto Kalkar: Ordbog til det ældre danske sprog (1300-1700) (Danish)

Dictionary of Old Danish. New. . Nordisk illustreret Havebrugsleksikon (Danish) From Project Runeberg.New.
. Faksimilie New. Otto Kalkar: Ordbog til det ældre danske sprog (1300-1700)
Dictionary of Early Modern Danish.

Danish Grammar, in Danish
. Dansk for tysktalende 1
. Dansk for tysktalende 1 New Address.
. Dansk grammatik - Indholdsfortegnelse
. Dansk grammatik - Indholdsfortegnelse-
. Dansk grammatik - Indholdsfortegnelse--
. Dansk grammatik - Indholdsfortegnelse-- New Address.


 
 
Dutch   (Nederlands)

Pronunciation
. Pronunciation

Lessons
. Learn Dutch
. Spreek je nederlands: Grammar
. Integral Dutch Course 

Dictionaries, Vocabularies, Glossaries, Lexicons, and Terminologies
. John and Grayson's Dutch Dictionary
. Online English to Dutch to English Dictionary
. Vocabumonkey 1.0.dutch New.
. Het Willebroeks Woordenboek New.

    Dictionary of the Willebroek dialect.

 
 
Frisian   (Frysk / Frasch) links died; will replace when possible
 
 
German (Standard New-High-German)   (Deutsch) (Neu-hoch-deutsch)

Grammar
. Peter Schroeder's excellent grammar outline
. Internet Handbook of German Grammar
. Irregular german verbs
. German Grammar Main Menu by Gary A. Smith New.
. German Grammar New.
. Online Dictionary for Spelling, Inflection and Wordformation New.

. German Grammar - Word Grammar Declension and Conjugation. New.
. German Grammar - Sentence Grammar Syntax. New.
. Wordformation Grammar for German Construction of new words. New.
. Neue Rechtschreibung: Offizielle Regeln und Regionale Varianten New. . Tysklærer Kofoed's Opgavesider (Danish)
. Allemand pour apprenants et enseignants - Accueil (French) New Address.
. Cronimus - Allemand, Informatique, science-Fiction (French) New Address.
. Udo G. Klinger's Deutsche Grammatik (German)
. kleine grammatik fur klasse 5 und 6 (German)
. Materialien für den Deutschunterricht (German)
. Anglizismen und Übersetzungsfallen (German)

Lessons
. German for Beginners

Dictionaries
. Canoo.com Online Dictionary ... New.

for Spelling, Inflection and Wordformation for the German Language
. CanooNet - Input New.
. Morphology Browser - Eingabe Identifies all German word forms and their meanings.  New. . LEO English/German Dictionary
. LEO English-German Dictionary  Alt. address.
. Deutsch <-> Englisches Wörterbuch - TU Chemnitz
. Deutsch <-> Englisches Wörterbuch - TU Chemnitz   Alt. address.
. The New English-German Dictionary
. The New English-German Dictionary New.
. dict.cc dictionary :: ... New. English-German and German-English translation. . quickdic.de/ New.
. Computer-Lexikon Glossar Online-Lexikon New.
. German - Czech Dictionary (Czech)  New Address!
. Deutsch-Spanisch-Deutsch Wörterbuch (Spanish)
. Diccionario Castellano-Alemán-Castellano (Spanish)
. DIX: Dictionary German - Spanish New.
. DicData Wörterbuch mit über 1,5 Mio. Einträgen New. Deutsch - Englisch - Französisch - Italienisch - Spanisch. . Meyers Lexikon - Das Wissen A-Z New.
. Dictionary: Chinese-German/German-Chinese HanDeDict New.
. Schwedisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Svensk-tysk ordbok (Swedish-German) New.
. Tysk-svensk ordbok (Deutsch-Schwedisches) (German-Swedish) New.
. Kamus Jot: Indonesisch-Wörterbuch, Kamus Bahasa Jerman New. (German-Indonesian)

Die neue Rechtschreibung / The new rules of spelling
. Goethe-Institut - Die neue Rechtschreibung
. Amtliche Regelung zur deutschen Rechtschreibung: Regeln und Wörterverzeichnis
. Amtliche Regelung zur deutschen Rechtschreibung: Regeln und ... New Address.
. Amtliche Regelung zur deutschen Rechtschreibung: Regeln und ... Alt. New Address.
. canoo.com Neue Rechtschreibung: Offizielle Regeln und Regionale Varianten New.
. Deutsche Rechtschreibung New.

Bilingual or Dict-Linked Reading
. 19th-century German Stories
. German Reader - Die Kluge Frau


 
 
Icelandic   (-slensk / -slenskur adj. -- -slenska nf.)

Grammar
. Mimir - Icelandic Grammar Notebook  New/Alt.? Address.
. Mimir - Icelandic Grammar Notebook  New/Alt.? Address.
. BRAGI: Icelandic as a foreign language (front page)  (English entrance)
. BRAGI: Isländisch als Fremdsprache (Startseite)  (German entrance)

Pronunciation

Dictionaries
. Icelandic-English Dictionary / Íslensk-ensk orðabók U. Wisconsin. New.
. The Icelandic Word Bank

. The Icelandic Word Bank New.
. Orðabanki New.

Vocabulary
. Country Names / Landaheitaskrá  ||  Landaheiti og höfuðstaðaheiti

Names of countries and of their capital cities. . Useful terms and phrases in Icelandic
. Vocabulari Islandès-Català 1 (Icelandic-Catalan / -slensk-Katalansk) New Address.

Bilingual Reading
. leshus.004.htm
. Jónas Hallgrímsson: Selected Poetry and Prose
. Hávamál: Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation in Old and Modern Icelandic
. Hávamál  at  Netútgáfan
. HÁVAMÁL  English translation


 
 
Low German   (Lowlands or Flatlands German)  (Plattdeutsch) Links died; will replace when possible.
 
 

Norwegian   (nynorsk & bokmål)

. Norsk språkråd
. Sons of Norway - Norwegian Culture Norwegian lessons. New.

Sentences
. VISL - Norwegian (nynorsk) New.
. VISL - Norwegian (bokmål) New.

Dictionaries
. The Documentation Project New.

. Electronic Dictionaries New.
. Grunnmanuskriptet The Lexical Source Manuscript New. . Dokumentasjonsprosjektet (in Norwegian) New. . Elektroniske ordbøker New.
. Søk i elektroniske ordbøker  Nynorskordboka. New.
. Søk i Bokmåls- og Nynorskordboka Bokmålsordboka.New.
. Grunnmanuskriptet New. . Lita dataordliste for nettet  Small wordlist for internet computing.New.
. Bokmålsordboka og Nynorskordboka New.
. J.Fritzners ordbok New.
 
 

Scanian  / Southern Swedish or Eastern Danish  (Skåne / Skånemal)

. Skånemål
. Skånsk ordlista med ljudexempel
. Axel Ebbes version av Skapelseberättelsen


 
 
Swedish   (Svenska)

Lessons
. Introduction to Swedish Stockholm School of Economics
. Björn Engdahl's Swedish course
. Swedish Grammar Linköping University / University of Linköping
. STP CALL: Swedish

Grammar
. Om svenskan som skriftspråk  (Swedish) "A grammar of Swedish as a written language"

Dictionaries
. Svenska Invektiv
. Skoldatanätet: Lexin - has moved to ==>>

. Swedish Language Council: Lexin New Address. (English interface)
    Two-way Swedish dictionaries for the following fifteen languages:
    English, Albanian, Arabic, Bosnian, Croatian, Finnish, Greek, Northern Kurdish (Kurmanji), Persian, Russian, Serbian, Somali, Southern Kurdish (Sorani), Spanish, Turkish
. Lexin - Swedish-English dictionary New Address.
. Folkets synonymlexikon New. . Finsk-svensk utbildningsordlista  (Finnish-Swedish)
. Språkbanken  (Swedish) . Fornsvensk lexikalisk databas.  (Swedish) New. Old Swedish Lexical Database
(a.k.a. Dictionary of Medieval Swedish.) . Svenska Akademiens ordbok - SAOB  (Swedish) . TERMIN ordbok / dictionary (svensk-serbokroatisk / svensk-turkisk) . From Project Runeberg (runeberg.org) . Schwedisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Svensk-tysk ordbok (Swedish-German) New.
. Tysk-svensk ordbok (Deutsch-Schwedisches) (German-Swedish) New.
. Swensk-Latinsk Ordbok (Swedish-Latin) New.
. Svensk etymologisk ordbok New.
. Nyare Conversations-Bladet New.
. Engelsk språklära för skolor New.
 
 

Yiddish = the English transliteration of the Yiddish-German word for "Jewish"

. Virtual Shtetl, Yiddish Language and Culture - Library New Address!

Alphabet  (that is, Alefbet)
. Virtual Shtetl: Yiddish transliteration
. Yiddish Alphabet
. YiddishWeb-l'Alef-Beys
. Der yiddisher alef-beys - Sten Vikner, Stuttgart
. Der yiddisher alef-beys - Sten Vikner, Aarhus New Address.

Dictionaries
. Yiddish Hebrew English German Russian Picture Dictionary  New Address!

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Suggestions for new links are welcome. Please email
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http://www.oocities.org/scribitmihi/langlinks/germanic.html

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Native speakers of Afrikaans are called Afrikaaners. Afrikaans is the language spoken by the descendants of the Dutch colonists (referred to, historically, as Boers) who colonized parts of what is now the country of South Africa. It was originally no more than a dialect of Dutch, but it has taken on a grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation which differ so much from that of the standard Dutch language, that Dutchmen and Afrikaaners are no longer able to communicate very fluently with each other -- which is why Afrikaans is considered a separate language now.
Back to Afrikaans.