As the last of the eastern lands of the 5
civilized tribes were given up to white settlers,
the federal government put great pressure
on the tribes to give up any remaining lands
and move to Indian Territory.

    -

    First tribe to accept a new home  Oklahoma

    Choctaws   by the Treaty of Doaks Stand
                    1820 Choctaws were given much
                    land in Indian Territory. Some
                    Choctaws moved at this time.
 

Choctaw Chief Mushulatubbee signed the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek the 1830

Then in 1830 Choctaws  moved to Oklahoma
by the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek in 1830.
Over 20,000 Choctaws moved on this long
journey, with many of the Choctaw people
not surviving this removal on what has come
to be called "THE TRAIL OF TEARS".

Creeks were the Second Tribe to accept a
new home in Oklahoma by the
Treaty of Washington

    Creeks were
    Divided into Upper Creeks and Lower Creeks

    Upper Creeks led by Opothleyaholo
refused to sign an earlier treaty @ Indian Springs,

    Lower Creek leader William McIntosh
                        signed @ Indian Springs.
    -

    Upper Creeks charged McIntosh with signing a treaty without proper authority.  They set fire to his dwelling and shot him to death.

    In a Second Treaty of Washington Opothleyaholo finally gave in and signed.

    So by 1826 the Choctaws and Creeks had received their lands in Indian Territory.
 

Cherokees were the third tribe to receive lands in Ok

Some Cherokee moved early to Northwestern Arkansas they became known as the Western Cherokee

In 1828 Western Cherokees moved to Indian Territory in Northeast Oklahoma.

Eastern Cherokees in Georgia did not
want to move to Oklahoma.
    1.  capital - New Echota
    2.  established a legislative government
    3.  published a newspaper, the Cherokee Phoenix
    4.  large farms, worked by slave labor
    5.  schools and colleges

    Pressure from the federal government
was too great. The tribe began to divide.

One group favored removal, led by mixed
bloods Elias Boudinot, John Ridge , and
Stand Watie.  The signed the Treaty of
New Echota
Principle chief John Ross refused to sign
the treaty.
    Trouble is ahead for the Cherokee.
    -

Seminole Indians signed the Treaty of
Payne's Landing  and agreed to move to Ok.
But where to move in Ok?

    Seminole chief met with Creek chief
and the Seminole agreed, by the Treaty
of Fort Gibson,  to move to Creek
territory in Ok

Chickasaws signed the Treaty of Pontotoc
and agreed to move.  But where?

    Choctaws allowed the Chickasaws to
move and signed the Treaty of Doaksville
in 1837.
Workbook page 12