Phase 2 of the Civil War in Indian Territory

    At the Battle of Pea Ridge the Union
defeated the South.  As a result the Confederacy
retreated from Indian Territory and lacked the
meansto help protect the Indian Territory as
guaranteed by the treaties of 1861.

    Stand Watie led the Cherokee Mounted
Rifles on several quick strikes against the
Union forces in Indian Territory.

    In 1862 Union Gen Blunt was ordered to
                    retake Indian Territory.

    Battle of Honey Springs won by the Union.

    Now till the end of the Civil War in 1865 the war had reached a standstill in Indian Territory.

    Phase 3   Guerrilla ( hit and run ) warfare

    Led by Colonel William Quantrill and his
raiders spread destruction and slaughter
among the 5 Civilized Tribes.

    Stand Watie also raided Union supply lines.

    Battle of Cabin Creek was Watie's greatest victory.

    Stand Watie becomes the last Confederate
                        General to surrender