The
Copper Scroll
3Q15
Paraphrase
and comments by Chad Hack & Nathaniel Carey
Introduction
One of the most
illusive documents found in the Qumran region is The Copper Scroll. Made of two
separate sheets of copper, rolled up and oxidized right through, the contents
of The Copper Scroll could only be determined after it had been cut into
parallel strips.
The text is
difficult to read because it is virtually impossible to differentiate between
some letters and others that are almost like them. The copyist made numerous
mistakes thus making the task of the translators even more difficult.
The document is
mysterious. Is it legend from folklore about fictitious treasures or a
catalogue of hiding places for real treasures? The formulas and directions are
ambiguous and inconclusive thereby hinting at the possibility that the scroll
is a myth. Furthermore, scholars presume that The Copper Scroll was written
about 40 years after all the other scrolls.
Specific and
blatant contradictions among the translators forced us students to make
educated guesses between the possible choices without certainty of the
accuracy. For example, one translator suggested that the location of a treasure
was facing a certain direction. Meanwhile another translator suggested that the
entrance of the location is facing that direction, but location itself was
facing in a different direction. Some treasure had a numeric value and other
descriptions of the same treasure did not. Sometimes the treasure was gold, and
other times it was silver. All together these examples combined to make the
translated text ambiguous and intimate towards the fictional nature of the
content.
Paraphrase
Column I
In the ruin of
Horebbah[1] which is in the valley of Achor, under the steps heading
eastward about forty feet: lies a chest of silver that weighs seventeen talents
(yard stick).KEN [2] In the tomb of the third section of stones there is
one hundred gold bars. Nine hundred talents[3] are concealed by sediment
towards the upper opening, at the bottom of the big cistern in the courtyard of
the peristyle. Priests garments and flasks that were given as vows are buried
in the hill of Kohlit[4]. This is all of the votive offerings of the
seventh treasure. The second tenth is impure. The opening is at the edge of the
canal on its northern side six cubits toward the immersed pool.CAG
Enter into the hole of the waterproofed Reservoir of Manos[5], descend
to the left, forty talents of silver lie three cubits from the bottom.
Column II
Forty two
talents lie under the stairs in the salt pit.HN Sixty five bars
of gold lie on the third terrace in the cave of the old Washers House[6].QE
Seventy telents of silver are enclosed in wooden vessel that are in the cistern[7]
of a burial chamber in Matia's courtyard[8]. Fifteen cubits from the
front of the eastern gates, lies a cistern. The ten talents lie in the canal of
the cistern.DI Six silver bars
are located at the sharp edge of the rock which is under the eastern wall in
the cistern. The cistern's entrance is under the large paving stone threshold.
Dig down four cubits in the northern corner of the pool that is east of Kohlit.
There will be twenty two talents of silver coins.
Column III
Dig down nine
cubits into the southern corner of the courtyard. There will be silver and gold
vessels given as offerings, bowls, cups, sprinkling basins, libation tubes, and
pitchers. All together they will total six hundred nine pieces. Dig down
sixteen cubits under the eastern corner to find forty talents of silver.TR
Votive vessels and priestly garments are at the northern end of the dry well
located in Milham[9]. The entrance is underneath the western corner.
Thirteen talents of silver coins are located three cubits beneath a trap door
in the tomb in the north-east end of Milham.
Column IV
Fourteen talents
of silver can be found in the pillar on the northern side of the big cistern in
Kohlit. SK When you go
forty-one cubits into the canal that comes from...you will find fifty-five
talents of silver. Dig down three cubits in the middle of the two boulders in
the Valley of Achor, and you will find two pots full of silver coins. At the
mouth of the underground cavity in Aslah[10] sit two hundred talents of
silver. Seventy talents of silver are located in the eastern tunnel which is to
the north of Kohlit. Dig for only one cubit into the memorial mound of stones
in the valley of Sekaka[11] to find twelve talents of silver.
Column V
A water conduit
is located on the northern side of Sekaka. Dig down three cubits under the
large stone at the head of this water conduit to discover seven talents of
silver. Vessels of offering can be found in the fissure of Sekaka, which is on
the eastern side of the reservoir of Solomon[12]. Twenty-three talents
of silver are buried quite nearby above Solomon's Canal. To locate the exact
spot, go sixty cubits toward the great stone, and dig down for three cubits.
Thirty two talents of silver can be located by digging seven cubits under the
tomb in the dried up riverbed of Kepah[13], which is between Jericho and
Sekaka.
Column VI
Forty-two
talents of silver lie underneath a scroll in an urn. To locate the urn, dig
down three cubits into the northern opening of the cave of the pillar that has
two entrances and faces east. Twenty-one talents of silver can be found by
digging nine cubits beneath the entrance of the eastward-looking cave at the
base of the large stone. Twenty-seven talents of silver can be found by digging
twelve cubits into the western side of the Queen's Mausoleum[14]. Dig
nine cubits into the burial mound of stones located at the Ford of the High
Priest to find twenty-two talents of silver.
Column VII
To find four
hundred talents of silver measure out twenty-four cubits from the water conduit
of Q...of the northern reservoir with four sides[15]. Dig six cubits
into the cave that is nearby Bet Ha-Qos[16] to locate six bars of
silver. Dig seven cubits down under the eastern corner of the citadel of Doq[17]
to find twenty-two talents of silver. Dig three cubits by the row of stones at
the mouth of the Kozibah river[18] to obtain sixty talents of silver,
and two talents of gold.
Column VIII
A bar of silver,
ten vessels of offering, and ten books are in the aqueduct on the road that is
to the east of Bet Ahsor[19], which is east of Ahzor[20]. Dig down
seventeen cubits beneath the stone that lies in the middle of the sheep pen
located in the outer valley to find seventeen talents of silver and gold. Dig
three cubits under the burial mound of stones located at the mouth of the
Potter ravine to find four talents of silver. Dig twenty-four cubits below the
northward burial chamber that is located on the south-west side of the fallow
field of the valley of ha-Shov to reveal sixty-six talents. Dig eleven cubits
at the landmark in the irrigated land of ha-Shov and you will find seventy
talents of silver.
Column IX
Measure out
thirteen cubits from the small opening at the edge of Nataf[21], and
then dig down seven cubits there. Seven talents of silver and four stater coins
lie there. Dig down eight cubits into the eastern-looking cellar of the second
estate of Chasa to obtain twenty-three and a half talents of silver. Dig
sixteen cubits into the narrow, seaward-facing part of the underground chambers
of Horon[22] to discover twenty-two talents of silver. A sacred offering
worth one mina of silver is located at the pass. Dig down seven cubits at the
edge of the conduit on the eastern side inside the waterfall to locate nine
talents of silver.
Column X
When going down to
the second floor, look to the small opening to find nine talents of silver
coins. Twelve talents lie at the foot of the water wheel of the dried up
irrigation ditches which would be fed by the great canal. Sixty-two talents of
silver can be found by going to the left for ten paces at the reservoir which
is in Beth Hakerem[23]. Three hundred talents of gold and twenty penalty
fees can be found at the entrance to the pond of the valley Zok. The entrance
is on the western side by the black stone that is held in place by two
supports. Eight talents of silver can be found by digging under the western
side of Absalom's Memorial[24]. Seventeen talents are located beneath
the water outlet in the base of the latrines. Gold and vessels of offering are
in this pool at its four angles.
Column XI
Very near there,
under the southern corner of the portico in Zadok's tomb[25], beneath
the pillars of the covered hall are ten vessels of offering of pine resin, and
an offering of senna.
Gold coins and consecrated offerings are located under the great closing stone
that is by the edge, next to the pillars that are near by the throne, and
toward the tip of the rock to the west of the garden of Zadok. Forty talents of
silver are buried in the grave that is under the colonnades. Fourteen votive
vessels possibly of pine and resin are in the tomb of the common people and
Jericho. Vessels of offering of aloes and tithe of white pine are located at
Beth Esdatain, in the reservoir at the entrance of the small pool. Over
nine-hundred talents of silver are next to the reservoir at the brook that runs
near the western entrance of the sepulchre room.
Column XII
Five talents of
gold and sixty more talent are under the black stone at the Western entrance.
Forty-two talents of silver coin are in the proximity of the black stone at the
threshold at the sepulchral chamber. Sixty talents of silver and vessels are in
a chest that is under the stairs of the upper tunnel on Mount Garizim[26].
Six-hundred talents of silver and gold lie in the spring of Beth-Sham[27].
Treasure weighing seventy-one talents and twenty minas are in the big
underground pipe of the burial chamber at the point where it joins the house of
the burial chamber. A copy of this inventory list, its explanation and the
measurements and details of every hidden item are in the dry underground cavity
that is in the smooth rock north of Kohlit[28]. Its opening is towards
the north with the tombs at its mouth.
Footnotes
[1] Horebbah
like most of the locations are either fictional or too ambiguous in description
to merit verification.
[2] According to Wise, Abegg, Cook the signifigance of the greek letters that
follow this in several of the subsequent descriptions remains mysterous.
[3] The introduction by Vermes suggests that the amount of treasure is
arbitrary. All of the amounts would total sixty-five tons of silver and
twenty-six tons of gold in weight.
[4] The existence and location of this place is unknown.
[5] This location is unknown.
[6] This location is unknown.
[7] Wise, Abegg and Cook suggest that the cistern described here may be the
large ancient cistern lying just beneath the First Wall of Jerusalem.
[8] The location of Matia’s courtyard is unknown.
[9] Wise, Abegg and Cook are uncertain whether Milham refers to a place or a structure.
[10] Wise, Abegg and Cook state that the Wadi Atsla opens to the northwest of
the Dead Sea, about two kilometers from the site of Qumran.
[11] Secacah appears in the Bible in Joshua 15:61, in a list of cities located
in the wilderness of Judea. The modern identification is disputed, but many
scholars think that Secacah was an ancient name for the site of Qumran.
[12] The pool of Solomon is unidentified.
[13] Kepah’s location is unknown.
[14] The Queen’s Mausoleum is unidentified, but it may well have been located
near Jericho, where the Hasmonean kings and queens had done considerable
building and lived part of the year according to Wise, Abegg and Cook.
[15] All of the translations submit only a hiatus after the capital Q.
[16] The priestly family of Hakkoz lived near Jericho. According to Ezra 8:33
and Nehemiah 10:6, they may have been in charge of the Temple treasury in the
Second-Temple period.
[17] Dok is about two kilometers north of Jericho according to the sources of
Wise, Abegg and Cook.
[18] Kozibah apparently designated that portion of the Wadi Qelt stretching
between Ein Qelt and Jericho.
[19] This location is unknown.
[20] This location is unknown.
[21] Nataf was a small opening resembling a large birdhouse that had many
entrances, many birds lived there at the same time.
[22] A city located sixteen kilometers northwest of Jerusalem.
[23] Beth Hakerem is on the south of Jerusalem, at the modern Kibbutz Ramat
Rachel. No treasure has been found there by modern inhabitants.
[24] Stood in the Ancient Royal Valley, now known as Emeq Rephaim thirteen
hundred kilometers south of Jerusalem.
[25] No notes are given on Zadok.
[26] A former site of the Samaritians temple to the God of Israel.
[27] Beth Shem is unknown. It may be an error for Beth Shemesh, the city in the
southwest famously associated with Samson.
[28] The inventory list with all its details is supposedly in another Copper
Scroll. But it has never been found.
Works Cited
Vermes, Geza.
The Complete Dead Sea Scrolls in English. Allen Lane: The Penguin Press; New
York, New York, 1997
Allegro, John.
The Dead Sea Scrolls: A Reappraisal. Penguin Books; New York, New York, 1990
Abegg, Martin
Jr.; Cook, Edward; Wise, Michael. The Dead Sea Scrolls--A New Translation.
Harper San Francisco; New York, New York, 1996
Martinez,
Florentino Garcia. The Dead Sea Scrolls Translated: The Qumran Texts in
English. Second Edition. E.J.Brill Leiden; New York, New York, 1996
4QCryptic-4Q186,
4QPhysiogn=4Q561
Paraphrase
and notes by Katie Kanyamas & Robin Kocot
Introduction by
Alan Humm
Introduction
These two texts
may represent a variety of divination, known as physiognomy, in which a
person's personality or fortune may be read from their physical appearance.
They contain what appear to be a series of short body type descriptions which
may be intended as a sort of catalogue of physical types which might be useful
to the physiognomist. Another possibility is that these are 'prophetic'
descriptions of the body types of important biblical or eschatological
personages. J. Starky, for example suggests that a related text, <4Q534ff.html>,
is a description of the eschatological Prince of the Congregation, while Vermes
(357) sees it as a description of Noah.
4Q186 is Hebrew
written in a cypher of sorts. The text is written backwards (left to right) and
a mixed alphabet is used (Aramaic square script, Paleo-Hebrew and even Greek
characters). 4Q561 is in Aramaic.
The paraphrase
of 4Q186 was prepared by Katie Kanyamas, and except for a few corrections is
largely unchanged. 4Q561 was originally prepared by Robin Kocot but has been
extensively revised by me.
Paraphrases
4Q186 (Katie
Kanyamas)
Frag.1 Col.1
The man, whose
head and forehead are wide and curved, [...]but the rest of his head is not
[...]
Frag.1 Col.2
...his stone is
granite[1].
He has fixed eyes[2]. He has long and slender thighs, toes, and feet. He
was born during the second phase of the moon[3]. His spirit has six
parts in the house of light[4] and three parts in the house of darkness.[5]
He shall be born under the haunch of Taurus[6] and he will be poor. His
animal sign is bull.
Frag.1 Col.3
...and his
head...[and his cheeks are] fat. His eyes are terrifying... His teeth are
different lengths. His hands and fingers are thick. Each of his thighs is thick
and very hairy. His toes are thick and short. His spirit has eight parts in the
house of darkness and one in the house of light.
Frag.2 Col.1
His eyes are
neither dark nor light. His beard is light and curly. The tone of his voice is
soft and gentle. His teeth are fine and well aligned. He is neither tall nor
short, but well built. His fingers are thin and long. His thighs are hairless.
The soles of his feet and toes are even and well aligned. His spirit has eight
parts in the house of light in the second column and one in the house of
darkness. His birth sign is...and his animal sign is...
4Q561 (Robin
Kocot revised by Alan Humm)
Frag. 1 col. I
1 [His ????]...
and they will be mixed and sparse. His eyes (will be) 2of a medium shade. His
nose (will be) a long 3and attractive. And his teeth (will be) straight. And
his beard 4will be relatively thin. His limbs will be 5in fit condition and
niether underweight nor overweight. 6... 7... his elbows will be strong ...
8husky. And his thighs of [medium] 9bulk. And his feet will be [of medium]
10length. His foot 11... 12... 13... 14... his shoulder... [medium]... His
spirit 15... 16... full bodied hair.
Frag. 1 col. II
1The voice will
be ... 2stern (?)... 3it will not strain. 4The hair of his beard (will be)
plentiful ... 5he will be neither fat n[or thin... 6And they will be short...
7His nails will be strong... 8and his height will be ...
Frag. 2
2[... His
beard(?)]will be reddish... 3...His eyes] will be clear and circular... 4...The
hair of his hea[d ...
Footnotes
[1] Granite
refers to the birth stones of an individual.
[2] "Fixed Eyes are a regular category in Greco-Roman physiognomy and are
generally a bad sign." (Wise, Abegg, and Cook 245)
[3] "The second phase of the moon or "station" of the moon
(i.e., the places where it "stands"), suggests the present
interpretation." (Wise, Abegg, and Cook 245)
[4] The house of light - "the good spiritual qualities of individual that
is reflected in his share of light." (Vermes 357)
[5] The house of darkness - the bad spiritual of individual that is reflected
in his share of darkness.
[6] The haunch of Taurus - "implied the concept of dodecatmoria. This
Greek word is a name of further subdivision of the zodiac." (Wise, Abegg,
and Cook 244)
Bibliography
Eisenmen, Robert
H., Wise Michael. The Dead Sea Scrolls Uncovered. NY: Penguin Books.1992.
Lasor, William.
The Dead Sea Scrolls and the New Testament. Grand Rapids: William B. Publishing
Comp. 1972.
Calendrical
Document
Mishmarot
4Q321 (Mishmarot Ba)
Parchment
Copied ca. 50-25 B.C.E.
Courtesy of the Israel Antiquities Authority (10)
A significant
feature of the community was its calendar, which was based on a solar system of
364 days, unlike the common Jewish lunar calendar, which consisted of 354 days.
The calendar played a weighty role in the schism of the community from the rest
of Judaism, as the festivals and fast days of the group were ordinary work days
for the mainstream community and vice versa.
According to the
calendar, the new year always began on a Wednesday, the day on which God
created the heavenly bodies. The year consisted of fifty-two weeks, divided
into four seasons of thirteen weeks each, and the festivals consistently fell
on the same days of the week. It appears that these rosters were intended to
provide the members of the "New Covenant" with a time-table for
abstaining from important activities on the days before the dark phases of the
moon's waning and eclipse (duqah).
References
Jaubert,
A. "Le Calendrier de Jubiles et de la Secte de Qumran: Ses origines
Bibliques," Vetus Testamentum 3 (1953):250-64.
Talmon,
S. "The Calendar of the Judean Covenanteers." In The World of Qumran
from Within: Collected Studies, pp. 147-85. Jerusalem, 1989.
Talmon,
S. and I. Knohl. "A Calendrical Scroll from Qumran Cave IV -- Miţ Ba
(4Q321)" (in Hebrew), Tarbiz 60 (1991):505-21.
English
Translation of the Calendrical Document (Mishmarot)
[on the first {day} in {the week of} Jedaiah {which falls}
on the tw]elfth in it {the seventh month}. On the second {day} in {the week of}
Abiah {which falls} on the twenty- f[ifth in the eighth {month}; and duqah {is}
on the third] {day}
[in {the week of} Miyamin {which falls} on the twelfth] in
it {the eighth month}. On the third {day} in {the week of} Jaqim {which falls}
on the twen[ty-fourth in the ninth {month}; and duqah {is} on the fourth] {day}
[in {the week of} Shekania {which falls} on the eleven]th
in it {the ninth month}. On the fifth {day} in {the week of} Immer {which
falls} on the twe[n]ty-third in the te[nth {month}; and duqah {is} on the sixth
{day} in {the week of} Je]shbeab {which falls}
[on the tenth in] it {the tenth month}. On the [si]xth
{day} in {the week of} Jehezkel {which falls} on the twenty-second in the
eleventh month [and duqah {is on the} Sabbath in] {the week of} Petahah {which
falls}
[on the ninth in it {the eleventh month}]. On the first
{day} in {the week of} Joiarib {which falls} on the t[w]enty-second in the
twelfth month; and [duqah {is} on the seco]nd {day} in {the week of} Delaiah
{which falls}
[on the ninth in it {the twelfth month}. vacat The]
se[cond] {year}: The first {month}. On the sec[on]d {day} in {the week of}
Malakiah {which falls} on the tw[entieth in it {the first month}; and] duqah
{is}
[on the third {day} in {the week of} Harim {which falls} on
the seventh] in it {the first month}. On the fou[r]th {day} in {the week of}
Jeshua {which falls} [on] the twentieth in the second {month}; and [duqah {is}
on the fifth {day} in {the week of]} Haqqos {which falls} on the seventh
[in it {the second month}. On the fifth {day} in {the week
of} Huppah {which falls} on the nine]teenth in the third {month}; and duqa[h]
{is} on the six[th {day} in {the week of} Happisses {which falls}
Translation and
transcription by S. Talmon and I. Knohl
Observances
4QCal=4Q327, 4QMMTa4Q394
Paraphrase
and comments by Kirsty Antosy
Introduction
4Q327 is part of
the scrolls known as the calendars. In the calendars, the festivals of the year
and the rituals are determined, using priestly rosters. The manuscripts were
found in very bad condition. They were also found with several other fragments
making it difficult to determine what the remains actually were. Because 4Q327
is in the same handwriting as one manuscript of A Sectarian Manifesto, it is
sometimes argued that it should be considered part of that document. Abegg
argues against this on the basis of the structure of the latter document.
(Wise, Abegg, & Cook, p 319)
4Q394 was found
in Cave 4 manuscripts. 4Q394 is part of the Halakhic Letter. The Halakhic
letter is very important, for it outlines the rules and rituals found in a particular
interpretation of the Old Testament. The rest of the works were lost, leaving
it unfeasible to determine the true meaning of the Halakhic Letter. (Martinez,
p 77) Some believe that it was composed as a way to contrast the Qumran group
from the rest of Judaism. Each line of the composite text is numbered
consequently, for easier reference to the fragments, which have been preserved.
Paraphrase
4Qcalendrical
Document (4Q327)
Frag. 1 col. I[1]
The sixteenth of
the month is a Sabbath. On the twenty-third of the month is a Sabbath. On the
thirtieth is a Sabbath.
Frag. 2 col. II[2]
On the
twenty-first of the month is a Sabbath. On the twenty- second is the feast of
oil[3]. There is an offering after the Sabbath. On the twenty-eight of
the month is a Sabbath. The month continues with Sunday the day after the
Sabbath, Monday the second day after the Sabbath, and an additional day,
Tuesday.
Frag. 2 col. III[4]
On the fourth of
the month is a Sabbath. On the eleventh of the month is a Sabbath. On the
eighteenth of the month is a Sabbath. On the twenty-fifth of the month is a
Sabbath. The second of the fifth month is a Sabbath. On the third of the month
is the festival of wine.[5]
4Qhalakhic
Letter (4Q394 [4QMMTa])
After the
Sabbath, there are three days added and then the year is complete, three
hundred and sixty-four days. There are some rules concerning God, which are
part of the works we are looking at and they all relate to the purity laws.
When wheat is offered, Gentiles cannot touch it. No one should accept wheat
from the Gentiles. No wheat touched by the Gentiles will be allowed in the
temple.
The flesh of the scarifies should be cooked in bronze canisters. Both the meat
and the broth of the sacrifices should be taken outside into the courtyard. The
sacrifice is of the Gentiles, what we think is a sacrifice is an offering of
thanks, which is postponed from one day to the next. Concerning this sacrifice,
it should be a man of stature who has a woman with him.
The cereal should be eaten with the fats and the meat on the day of sacrifice.
Sons of priests shall oversee this meal so that the sons of Aaron do not lead
the people to sin or bother them with it. The priests shall oversee the purity
of the red calf, so that all purity laws are followed. Whoever slaughters,
burns, collects and sprinkles the ash does so by the purity rituals. This
should all be completed by sunset, so that those who have sinned can be
forgiven for their sins. This shall be done for the sons.[6]
Footnotes
[1] This is the
calendar of the feasts for the second month (WAC 319).
[2] This is the calendar of the feasts for the third month (WAC 319).
[3] One of the extra-biblical feasts found among the Dead Sea Scroll calendar
texts (WAC 319).
[4] This is the calendar of the feasts for the fourth-fifth month (WAC 319).
[5] The year is complete after 364 days.
[6] Assumed to be the sons of Aaron
Bibliography
Martinez,
Florentino. The Dead Sea Scrolls Translated. New York: 1996
Vermes, Geza.
The Complete Dead Sea Scrolls in English. 1997
Wise, Abegg and
Cook. The Dead Sea Scrolls: A New Translation. 1996
Introduction
Two targum
manuscripts of Job were found at Qumran. Since they are both incomplete and do
not overlap, we do not know whether they represent the same targumic tradition
or not, although that is likely. The Aramaic translation is relatively straight
forward, with an occasional tendency to abridge slightly. Extant portions
contain none of the flights of midrashic expansion that one gets in some other
targumic traditions.
Paraphrase
4Q Targum of Job
(4Q157[4QtgJob])
Frag 1 col.i
(= Job 3:5-?)
2{...} a cloud[ will come] over him 3 [... in a time not in the same dimension
4-5] [...]...
Frag 1 col.ii
(=Job 4:16-5:4) 1...[...]
2 Can a man speaking to God [be rigth?...] 3 and to his angels[he causes
insanity...] 4 which [are formed] in dirt[...] 5 and many [...] die and not
from knowledge[...] will you contemplate? Blank Maybe he does not kill the
weak[...] 8 But I have seen a cruel person ...[...] 9 ...[...].
11Q Targum of
Job(11Q10[11QtgJob])
Col. I
(=Job
17:14-18:4) 1 [... my mother and sister are dead]. And what did I do
[...]2[...] Maybe [they will go] with me to Sheol?[...] 3 [... in the dirt] we
will be buried? Blank 4 Bildad the Shu[ite replied...] 5 [...] will you
complete you thought? [...] 6 [...] do we look like animals?[...] 7[...] Maybe
from your view point [...] 8 [... the rock ] from its point?[...]
Col. II
(=Job 19:11-19)
1 I bore his rage and [thinks I'm...] 2 His henchmen came and destroy [... My
brothers and I] 3 have remourse, my house staff. My butler, does not recognize
[...] I call but he does not respond [...] 6 I'm embarrassed to show myself to
my wife [...] 7 The evil hurts me [...] 8 everyone who[...]
Col. III
(=Job
19:29-20:6) 1 [...] evil. Blank [...] 3 [... he answered: Here is my heart
[...] 4 [...] I will listen to my crimes, but the soul [...] 5 [... Do you not
understand infinity, from ...[...] 6 [...] Because praising the cruel [...] 7
[...] goes by quickly [...] 8 [...] and he looked [toward] the sky[...].
Col. IV
(=Job 21:2-10) 1
[...] personally[...] I know you laugh. [...] 3 as a result [my soul]does not
get [tense...] 4 be quiet...] 5 I am mesmerized. Why do the corrupt become richer?
Their children[...] 7 in plain sight. Their houses [...] 8 God is with them.
[...] 9 their (cow) gives birth[ and does not miscarriage..].
Col. V
(=Job 21:20-27)
1[...] he looks [...] their destruction and around[...] 2 [...] would like God
in their home[...] [...] 3[...] life is short ? is God [...] 4[...] the most
powerful? His assistants [...] 5 the care of the bones. Another dies [cruelly]
in spirit [...] 6 [...] starving, they both[lie on the dirt...] 7 [...] on top
of them I know [what your thinking...] 8 [...] you planned [against me][...]
Col. VI
(=Job 22:3-9) 1
[...] God 2 [...] your way [...] will he make a convenient with you? 4[...]
there is no 5 [...] your brothers for nothing 6 [...] the parched not 7 [...]
bread. And you said 8 [...] his face 9 [...] was emotionless.
Col. vii
(=Job 22:16-22)
1 they passed away[...] 2 They prayed to G[od..] 3 to our God [...] But the
evil group [...] 5 and marked and [...] 6 How can that [...] not [...] 7 Look
[...] 8 Receive [...].
Col. VIIa
(=Job 23: 1-8) 1
[...] Job replied [...] 2[...] because my voice [...] 3 [...] my whining.
Indeed, I would know and I would find God 4 [...] heaven. I would say to[God
...] 5 [...] I would repent an I would know [...] 6 [...] I know what he will
say to me. [...] 7 [...he might ] treat me unfairly. Indeed until [...] 8[...]
for truth and how [...] 9 [...] If advancement[...].
Col. VIII
(=Job 24: 12-17)
1 From cities[...] 2 he complains <4 in its trail [...] 5 and to the needy;
and in the evening. [...] 6 the darkness saying[...] 7 and he will sin [...] 8
in evil[...] 9 for them[...]
Col. IX
(=job
24:24-26:2) 1 [...] they come together 2 [...] Who will answer me and [...] 3
[...] Blank Bildad replied [...] 4 [...] God controls everything; he does [...]
5 [...] in his power. Is there trust for[...] 6 pr for whom does [...] not rise
7 [...] God and how will he be fair [...] 8 [...] unchanged and the galaxy
[...] not 9 [...] mankind, this warm [...] 10 [...] and he said << Can
you possibly,[...]?
Col. X
(=Job 26:10-27:4)
1 [...] to the realm of evil; 2 [...] he dissects them and they are worried
about 3 [...] the sea, and he killed with his knowledge. 4 [...] he makes I
glimmer, his hand struck fleeing snake. 5 [...] their paths. And we only hear
and echo. 6[...] he will know>> Blank 7 [...] Blank 8 [...] and said
<9 [...] my spirit which while [...] 10 [...] in my nose they won't say
[...]
Col. XI
(=Job 27:11-20)
1[...] in God's control and the work of 2[...] can be viewed by all. Why 3 [...]
the cruel man 4 [...] they steal from him. If 5 [...] the sword , they will
plunder, and feel fulfilled 6 [...] and their [...] no 7 [...] money, and
increases like dust 8[...] and honest man will give away his wealth 9 [...]
like a house 10 [...] lies down and is not taken. 11[...] like water the evils.
Col. XII
(= Job 28:4-13)
1 foot[...] 3 sapphires [...] 4 not [...] 5 the serpent enters. [...] 9 man
[...].
Col. XIII
(=Job 28: 20-28)
1 the place of knowledge? [...] 2 it hides from the birds of the sky. [...] 3
<< By word of mouth we know who you are >> [...] 4 in it, since he
[...] 5 for reaching [...] 6 When he made the wind [...] 7 by one fall stroke.
When he made [...] 8 fluffy clouds. Meanwhile[...] 9 And he said to the sons [
of mankind...] 10 and to leave from [...].
Col. XIV
(=Job 29: 7-16)
1 in the morning at the entrance of the city in the center of town[...] 2
Children, when they see me and [scholars] 3 Powerful men don't speak to me and
push me aside [...] 4 The leaders disguise their voices;[...] don't speak. 5
They once praised me when I spoke[...] because I freed the poor [...] 7 no one
helps me. The blessing of the last one [...] 8 the widow prays for me [...] 9 I
wore a garment made of goats skin [...] 10[...] and feet for the lame [...]
11[...] I did not know[...].
Col. XV
(=Job 29:
24-30:4) 1 [...] I thanked them and they did not believe[...] 2 [...] I chose
my way and I was in control [...] 3 [...] at the top of his legions, an like a
man who [...] the depressed 4 [...] They harassed my children [...] 5 [...]
Their fathers would not sit with the lower class.[...] 6[...] I did not like
them and under their influence [...] 7 [...] they searched for food to feed
their soul[...] 8 [...] evil which they ate [...] 9[...] sticks as their bread
[...]
Col. XVI
(=Job 30: 13-20)
1 [...] they came to destroy me, and there is no savior. 2 [...] for them. As I
become even greater in pain 3 [...] The evil pain trys to over come my body 4
[...] I have no possessions 5 [...] my salvation. Now the pain irritates me 6
[...] days of intense pain I feel 7 [...] my bones and joints ache
tremendously[...] 8 [...] I thrash around in pain 9[...] they encircle me and
throw me to the ground 10 [...] to you [...]
Col. XVII
(=Job 30
:25-31:1) 1 [...they ] harassed [me] and not 4 [...] I walked 5[...] I shouted
6 [...] for the ostriches 7 [...] of
Col. XVIII
(=Job 31 :8-16)
1 He will eat [...] my heart for a woman [...] 3 She will smash [...] anger 4
and is a sin[...] which up to Abaddon shall eat[...] If I was quick in judging
my servant [...] what will I do 7 when he awakes [...] look 8 he made me [...]
oneself. If I denied [...] I stopped to be consumed.
Col. XIX
(=Job 31 :26-32)
1 It was visible, and at the moon [...] my heart, 2 and kissed my mouth[...] I
would have lied 3 to El Shadi[...] I become happy 4 in his misfortune [...] my
plaque, and he listened [...] in my rage 6 and took [...] my taste of sin by
asking [...] the men 8 of my house: who [...] 9 [did] not [...]
Col. XX
(=Job
31:40-32:3) 1 substituted for wheat [...] 2 [...] from the pine. Completed are
[...] 3 These [...] from answering [...] Job was honest[...] 5 Blank 6
Meanwhile he became angry [...] of the clan of Rome[...] 8 and also against
[...] 9 words [...]
Col. XXI
(=Job 32: 10-17
) 1 my words, I as well. O.K. I waited [...] 2 you stopped, though you wanted
to finish[...] 3 and you gave Job nothing [...] 4 to his knowledge. Maybe you
should say [...] 5 for this we punish God and not man[...] 6 words and he does
not respond [...] 7 and they are quiet while I wait for a response[...] 8 they
leave and say nothing [...] 9 I to said nothing
Col. XXII
(=Job 33:6-16)
1[...] Alright, my horror will not shock you[...] 2 [...] burden. Surely you
spoke in my ear and the sound [...] 3 [...] I am clean and there is no sin in
me, I am blameless[...] 4[...] If he finds I have sinned he will take me [...]
5 [...] he places me in the prison and binds me with chains[...] 6[...] because
God is greater than man[...] 7[...] you will speak arrogantly, because in all
your actions[...] 8 [...] God knows how to communicate to everyone [...] 9[...]
in dreams, during the night [...] while you sleep in bed[...] ...[...] ...[...]
Col. XXIII
(=Job 33:24-32)
1 and he said<< Free from harm [...] 2 from the fire that consumes him
[...] with 3 youth and returns to his childhood [...] and he will hear him 4
and will see his face when saving him[?...} and based on his work he will
reward him. And he will say [...] yet 6 he has not rewarded me based on my
choice. He has saved [...] 7 It will be clear. Behold [...] 8 [on]ce, twice,
three times[ to the] man for [...] 9 living (creatures). Be mindful of this
[...] I will speak. 10 [If] you have words [...]
Col. XXIV
(=Job 34:6-17) 1
of sin. Who [...] sin? And associates 2 with criminals [...] cruel men. For he
states << A man will change [...] following god>> 4 Now, men of
[...] God does not deceive or create evil [...] he rewards man 6 [...] Will
God, possibly, lien now, and lord [...] whom created the earth 8 and formed the
world? [...] takes air away from him and he will die [...] they shall die 10
[...] my word. Deception possibly.
Col. XXV
(=Job 34:24-34)
1[...] to the infinitely powerful , and put other [...] 2 [...] he knows their
action and throws into the place [...] 3[...] his way and have not kept this
covenant[...] 4[...] of the poor and hears the cry's of the tortured [...] 5
[...] covers his face who will answer him about a tribe [...] 6 [...] the evil
man has control. They create [...] trip. 7[...] I pray for him, in only him
[...] 8 [...] I did not pursue, because [...] 9 [...] you decide and not I
[...] 10 [...] words and man[...]
Col. XXVI
(=Job 35 :6-14)
1 to you. And at a time your wrong doings rise, how do you [handle him?] Are you
right, what 2 does he need, or what does he get in return? Your wrongs (change)
[ a human similar to yourself] 3 your equally, a child of mankind. As a result
of the multitude [ of enslavers ] they cry and wail 4 facing all; yet they
don't [ ask where is] God 5 who created us and gave us [...] for farming 6 at
night; who separated us from animals and has made us smarter than birds? 7 They
cry, yet he does not [ respond out of righteousness] 8 to the sinner. For God [
does not hear those who mislead, and the lord to] the insignificant, shows no
interest. If you say [...] 10[...] ...[...]
Col. XXVIII
(=Job 36:23-33)
1 you [achieve inequality. Knowing] that their actions are right, men have
witness these actions. Every man considers them and the children of man kind
view from a distance. God is all powerful and immortal.[ wee do not] know
[them] , and how long he lives. For 5 [ he tracks the ] clouds and directs the
rain storms, and their clouds release 6 [rain drops] [ upon] many people.
Indeed who molds the clouds[with great din] who hides and reveals[ light] [...]
hidden ; he will use them to judge the nation, 9 [...] upon his command [...]
10[...] control them[...]
Col. XXIX
(=Job 37 :10-19)
1 above the water. Using water he causes the cloud to discharge fine And he
says<< The people should here this!>> and they perform their jobs;
he placed the people in control of everything on land. Whether to help or
destroy or for starvation and poverty . Consider this Job, and rise contemplate
the power of God. Have you any idea what God has placed upon them, and how he
makes light shine from clouds? Can you protect the cloud with your powers?
Since your power [...] Because he has infinite knowledge[May be you create] the
storm clouds. Can you change a cloud into a mirror 10 He knows...
Col. XXX
(=Job 38:3-13) 1
Protect your grain like a man [ and I will test] [you] and you will respond 2
Where were you when I created the earth? Answer, if you can 3 who created ,
measurements? Or who used a tape measure? Or what are its bases set to or who
set the cornerstone. 7 When the stars shown in the morning and all the angels
of God song? Can you lock the entrace to the sea when it tries to leave the
deep murky bottom. When did you where clouds as cloths and fog as baby's cloths.
Can you set the limits of the sea. Did you say it can only go this far and not
go beyond your waves. In the past did you control [ the morning] the ends of
the earth [...]
Col. XXXI
(=Job 38: 23-43)
1 which[ I keep for] times of danger for the day of war and rebellion? [...]
where does the wind come from? Does the wind come from the heavens? Who has set
the period for rain and a track for the clouds to bring rain to the dessert,
where no man lives; to water the plains to cause grass to grow. Who is the
father of the rain, and who controls the fog. And who produces the frost .. .
and [darkness of the sky] who created it ?] Like a rock coated with water and
the faces of [darkness?] of the Pleiodes or you [open] the fence of Orion[...]
you undo the North Star(?) with his sons? [...] 10 [...] the clouds[...]
Col. XXXII
(= Job 39: 1-11)
the goats or birth pangs of [...] they are mature; do you know when they were
born. They give birth and the sons become out casts. Do you cause them to
leave? They raise their son and force them away. Who set the donkey free and
unchained the restraints on the anager? I created the desert as the anager's
home and the ground his home and pays no attention to the noise of the city and
to the commands of his master. He eats from the mountains grass and eats all
that is green. Will the bull choose to serve you or will he sleep in your
stable. Will you harness[the bull] with a yoke and will he till the soil behind
you. [...] ? Do you trust his strength?
Col. XXXIII
(=Job 39 :20-29)
1 [...] Do you scare his (horse) with a powerful [...] 2 in his growling fright
and fear. He wanders throughout the valley, and shakes and rejoices 3 and
throws himself into danger. He ignores fear and does not flinch 4 from a sword.
He prepares to shout and arrow 5 as he is armed with a staff and a sword, the
bugle sounds and he yells Aha, and from 6 a distance he smells combat, and
relishes the sound of swords rattling and war cries 7 Does the raptor fly with
it's wings to the wind? Or does the eagle glide at your command and the 9
raptor builds [his] nest high in the cliffs he lives and rests[...] 10[...]
...[...]
Col. XXXIV
(=Job 40: 5-11)
1 [...] end Blank [...] 2 God answered Job/ form [ out of nowhere(?)/] and the
cloud and told him protect your genitals 3 then like a man and I will question
you and you will answer me Would you assume 4 that judgement is void and place
blame upon me so you appear innocent? Or 5 do you have an arm like God or
thunder with a voice like his? Dispose of greatness and haughtiness and wear
splendor, in glory and in honor. Dispose of your rage and view the righteous
men and humble him and destroy ever 8 proud soul and dispose of the rest of the
cruel people and bury9 them in the ground Blank and cover them with ashes 10[...]
there is
Col. XXXV
(=Job 40:23-31)
1[...] even though ] 2 the Jordan's banks [should overflow] he trusts that he
will receive it [...] 3 who will control him when he raises his head, or
restrain his jaws. Will you catch a crocodile with a hook or tie a rope around
it tongue? Will you put a muzzle on his nose and stab his jaw with a knife.
Will he speak 6 nicely to you or will he speak to humbly? Will he 7 make a
promise with you or will you treat him as a slave for eternity? Will you play 8
with him like a bird, or chain him up for your daughters? and [...] 9 ov[er
him...] and they shall take him out of [Canaan] 10 [...] of fish[...]
Col. XXXVI
(=Job 41: 7-17)
1[...] ...[...] 2 [One] adheres to the other and wind does not flow between
them. They 3 hold each other and they do not separate. His sneeze triggers 4
the fire between his eyes like the brightness of dawn; from his mouth 5 torches
appear, they leap like tongues of fire; smoke billows from his nostrils, like a
torch burning incense; his breath spews coals and sparks leap from his mouth.
His neck contains strength and before him 8 power surges. The fold of his flesh
are taunt , forged within him like iron; and his heart [...] like stone [...]
10[...]...[...]
Col. XXXVII
(=Job 41:
25-42:6) 1[...]...[...] 2 and he is the king of all reptiles. Blank 3 Job
answered and said to God: I know that you 4 can do anything, and you do not
lack power or wisdom. 5 I spoke once and I will not revoke it, twice, and 6 I
will not add to it. Listen then and I will say to you; I will question you 7
and you will answer me. I knew of you only by word of mouth and now I have seen
you for this I will be obliterated and destroyed and will turn into dust 9 and
ash Blank
Col. XXXVIII
(=Job 42:9-12 )
1 [...] and he did [...] God; and God heard Job's Voice and forgave 3 his sins
on his account. And God turned /to Job/ in his mercy 4 and doubled all his
possessions for him. And there came to 5 Job all his friends and all his
brothers and all his acquaintances and ate 6 bread with him his house , and
comforted him for all the evil that 7 God had brought upon him. And each one
gave him a eve 8 and each one a gold ring 9 And God blessed Job in the end,
because he had[...]
Work Cited
Holy Bible: The
New Revised Standard Version. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Inc, 1989.
Martinez,
Florentino Garcia. The Dead Sea Scrolls Translated: The Qumran Texts in
English. New York: Brill, 1996.
Pope, Marvin H.
Job: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. New York: Double Day,
1973.
Vermes, Geza.
The complete Dead Sea Scrolls in English/ translated from Hebrew and Aramaic
and edited. New York: Penguin Putnam Inc, 1997.