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                     (9.2-3.la)


        (9.2-3.lb)


    ÆäÖУ¬nÊÇµÈ Àë×ÓÌåÖеç×ÓµÄÊýÃܶȣ¬mÊǵç×Ó¾²ÖÊÁ¿£¬BÊǴŸÐӦǿ¶È£¬¦Á ÊÇkÓëBÖ®¼äµÄ½»½Ç¡£ÐǼʿռäµÄ´Å³¡BºÜС£¬ ¦ØB ¿ÉÒÔÂÔÈ¥¡£ÓÚÊÇ·½³Ì(9.2-3.2) ¸ø³öµç´Å²¨ÔÚµÈÀë×ÓÌåÖеÄɫɢЧӦÊÇ


Vg = d ¦Ø / d | k| = c (1 ¨C ¦Ø ¦Ñ2 / ¦Ø2 )1/2


                                                               (9.2-3.2)


    ½«·½³Ì (9.2-3.2) ÓëProca ÖØµç´Å³¡µÄÕæ¿Õɫɢ·½³Ì(9.2-2.4)±È½Ï£¬¿ÉÒÔ¿´³ö£¬µÈÀë×ÓÌåµÄÌØÕ÷ƵÂʦØpÒýÆðµÄµç´ÅɫɢЧӦÓë¹â×Ó¾²ÖÊÁ¿¦ÌÒýÆðµÄɫɢЧӦÊÇÒ»ÑùµÄ¡£Õâ¾ÍÊÇ˵¦Øp µÄЧ¹ûͬ¦Ìc µÄЧ¹ûÍêȫһÑù¡£Òò´Ë£¬ÈçÈô²»ÄÜÓÃÁíÍâµÄ·½·¨ »ñµÃÐǼÊÀë×ÓÌåµÄÃܶȣ¬¾ÍÎÞ·¨·Ö±èÐǹâµÄɫɢ¾¿¾¹ÊǵÈÀë×ÓÌå²úÉúµÄ»¹Êǹâ×Ó¾²ÖÊÁ¿µÄЧӦ¡£Õâ¾ÍʹÎÒÃÇÔÚÀûÓÃÐǹâɫɢЧӦȷÁ¢¹â×Ó¾²ÖÊÁ¿¦ÌÉÏÊܵ½ÁËÏÞÖÆ¡£


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    µÂ²¼ÂÞÒâ (deBroglie) 1940ÄêÌá³öÁËÀûÓÃË«ÐÇÀ´È·Á¢¹â×Ó¾²ÖÊÁ¿µÄ·½·¨¡£Ë«ÐÇÊÇÔÚÒ»¸öÍÖÔ²¹ìµÀÖв»Í£µØÐýתµÄ¶þ¿ÅÐÇÌå(ÀýÈ磬½«ËüÃÇ·Ö±ð½Ð×öS1ÐǺÍS2 ÐÇ).ÔÚijһʱ¿Ì£¬S1ÐǰÑS2Ðǵ²×¡£¬Ê¹ÎÒÃÇ¿´²»µ½S2ÐÇ¡£Ëæºó£¬S1ÐÇ´ÓS2ÐDZ³ºóÏÔ¶³öÀ´£¬´Ë¿Ì²âÁ¿S2ÐÇ·¢ÉäµÄ²»Í¬ÆµÂʵĹⲨµ½´ïµØÇòµÄʱ¼äÖ®²î¡£µÂ²¼ÂÞÒâʹÓõÄÊý¾ÝÊÇ£º ¦Ë22 ¨C ¦Ë12 ¡Ö 0.5x10-8 ÀåÃ×2£»Ë«Ðǵ½µØÇòµÄ¾àÀëL = 103 ¹âÄꣻÕâÁ½ÖÖÑÕÉ«µÄ¹âµ½´ïµØÇòµÄʱ¼ä²ît ¡Ü 10-3Ãë¡£Èç¹û¹â×Ó¾²ÖÊÁ¿µÄ¹±Ïײ»ÄܺöÂԵϰ£¬ÄÇô£¬ÓÉ·½³Ì (6-2-2.8) ±ãµÃµ½


        


                                                                (9.2-3.3)


(b)Âö³å Ðǹ۲â


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Feinbertg(1969) ¼Ù¶¨¹Û²ìµ½µÄ NPO532 Âö³åÐǵÄɫɢЧӦÖ÷ÒªÊǹâ×Ó¾²ÖÊÁ¿ÒýÆðµÄ¡£´Ó·½³Ì(9.2-2.4)ºÍ(9.2-3.2)µÄ±È½Ï¿ÉÖª£¬¦Ø p / c = 4¦Ð e2/mc µÄµÈÀë×ÓÌåµÄɫɢЧӦÓë¹â×Ó¾²ÖÊÁ¿ÒýÆðµÄɫɢЧӦÏàͬ£¬Òò´ËÎÒÃÇÓУº

(9.2-3.4)

   
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