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http://www.zdnet.com/pcmag/features/digicam/intro3.htm
Midrange Digital Cameras - Why So Expensive?
CCD fabrication is still a black art. As chips become larger and
hold an ever-increasing number of sampling points (or pixels),
the manufacturing quality-control rejection rate rises
proportionally, as does the cost. A pea-size, 3/16-inch-square
CCD with 250,000 pixels, suitable for a $500 entry-level camera,
costs about $50 or less in quantities of 1,000. But the cost of
a fingernail-size, 1/2-inch CCD with 1.5 million pixels rises
dramatically to about $1,000 in quantities of 100. A postage
stamp-size CCD with 6 million pixels could cost a whopping
$18,000. Add to this the price of a high-quality pro or semipro
camera and lens, expensive low-power RAM, removable media, R & D
expenses, and a current sales volume counted only in the
thousands and you've got the reason why the cost of these models
is so staggering.
Over the past three years, digital photography has made major
inroads in areas once dominated by professional 35-mm film
cameras, particularly photojournalism. According to David Rocha,
senior photo-technology specialist for the Associated Press,
almost all of the top 50 American newspapers now use midrange
or high-end digital cameras. And according to a Newspaper
Association of America survey, a third of the country's dailies
(about 535 newspapers) plan to buy digital cameras within the
next five years.
Part of the reason is speed: On-the-spot news pictures can be
instantly transmitted to the photo editor via laptop and modem,
and images can speed through editing and onto printing-press
plates in a matter of minutes. What's more, photojournalists
typically spend a third of their working day in the darkroom
processing film; going digital frees them up to take many more
pictures. But the big push is prompted by the bottom line:
saving money. Over the long haul, publishers will cut costs
significantly by eliminating film, developing, and the disposal
of environment-polluting chemicals.
Although market penetration has been slow, pro and semipro
digital cameras are on the verge of impacting traditional
photography as well. They're being used for portraiture; annual
reports; product shots; catalog production; yearbooks;
industrial, scientific, and medical photography; and more.
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