Humanism
Religious and Secular Humanism is defined as a religion with matters of deity worship and traditional theological belief deleted. Replacing these factors is belief in humanity as the highest known form of intelligent life. Secular Humanism had its roots in the 18th century promoting man as the measure of all things. A Humanist Manifesto was prepared in 1933, endorsed by 34 leading Humanists. It was updated in 1973. They trace their roots to the rational philosophy first created in the West in ancient Greece. Socrates is considered the founder of Humanism, though a distinct movement known as Humanism did not exist until 1933. Humanists value knoledge based on hard evidence rather than faith. They reject the concept of a natural God and regard humans as supreme. The preciousness and dignity of the individual person is a central humanist value. A rejection of creation in favor of evolution and a purely natural universe is a common belief. They reject divinely inspired ehtical codes in favor of codes derived by reason from the human condition. They believe that full responsibility for the future of the world and its institutions and natural surroundings is in the hands of humans. They do not believe in concepts of Heaven and hell. They accept democracy and reject other political institutions. They have liberal beliefs on matters such as abortion, corporal punishment of children, death penalty, homosexuality, and euthanasia. . They believe that moral vaules derive their source from human experience. They are atheists and deny concepts of the soul and afterlife. They believe that morality and ethics can be developed by consensus among individuals like we develop laws and social customs. These are based on common needs that humans have survival, personal growth, and love. They believe humans are social animals who can make the greatest achivements through mutual cooperation. They expect people to follow humanistic codes because they see them as effective, reasonable, they lead to self-esteem, are consistent with natural feelings, are accepted by societry, and no systems of rewards and punishments are needed to enforce these values.
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