4306
─a THE CALENDAR OF THE CHRISTIAN ERA
The Romans, who were the dominating power when Jesus was born, generally dated all events from the foundation of Rome, Anno Urbis I.
In the sixth century the Pope determined to have a new calendar prepared which would date all events from the birth of Jesus.
He commissioned a monk, named Dionysius, to do the work.
This calendar, when finished, was gradually adopted throughout Christendom.
Modern scholars have found that some of the dates of Roman History near the beginning of the Christian Era cannot be reconciled with the calendar of Dionysius. For example, according to Roman annals, Herod the Great, who ruled in Judea when Jesus was born, died in the year 750 Anno Urbis. Dionysius placed the birth of Jesus in the year 754 Anno Urbis, in apparent contradiction of well established dates of Roman records.
Jesus was probably born in 749 or 750 Anno Urbis, that is four or five years earlier than the date given in our commonly accepted calendar.
Hence, in modern literature, scholars refer to Christmas as 4, or 5 B.C.
APPROXIMATE DATES IN THE LIFE OF JESUS
Birth of Jesus 4, or 5 B.C.
The Journey to Egypt 4, or 5 B.C.
The Return from Egypt 3, or 4 B.C.
Boyhood Visit to the Temple 8 A.D. (?)
The Ministry of his Forerunner, John the Baptist, beginning 26 A.D. (?)
Jesus Baptized by John the Baptist 26 A.D. (?)
Year of Inauguration, or beginning of ministry 26 A.D. (?)
Year of Pupularity 27 A.D. (?)
Year of Opposition 28 A.D. (?)
Year of Death 29, or 30 A.D. (?)
4306
─b PROPHECIES CONCERNING JESUS AND THEIRFULFILLMENT
The Two Branches in the Stream of Messianic Prophecy
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Prophecies and their Fulfillment
Arranged Chronologically
(For a list of the General Prophecies concerning Jesus see the Key to the Tree of Jesus' Life.)
Prophecies |
|
Fulfillment |
Ge3.15. 15And I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and her Offspring; He will bruise and tread your head underfoot, and you will lie in wait and bruise His heel." [Gal4.4] |
Would be the "Seed of a Woman" |
Ga4.4. 4But when the proper time had fully come, God sent His Son, born of a woman, born subject to [the regulations of] the Law. (Lu2.7; Re12.5) |
Ge18.18. 18Since Abraham shall surely become a great and mighty nation, and all the nations of the earth shall be blessed through him and shall bless themselves by him? [Gen12.2─3] |
Promised Seed of Abraham |
Ac3.25. 25You are the descendants (sons) of the prophets and the heirs of the covenant which God made and gave to your forefathers, saying to Abraham, "And in your Seed (Heir) shall all the families of the earth be blessed and benefited. [Gen22.18; Gal3.16] (Mt1.1; Lu3.34) |
Ge17.19. 19But God said, "Sarah your wife shall bear you a son indeed, and you shall call his name Isaac [laughter]; and I will establish My covenant or solemn pledge with him for an everlasting covenant and with his posterity after him. |
Promised Seed of Isaac |
Mt1.2. 2Abraham was the father of Isaac, Isaac the father of Jacob, Jacob the father of Judah and his brothers, (Lu3.34) |
Nu24.17. 17I see Him, but not now; I behold Him, but He is not near. A star (Star) shall come forth out of Jacob, and a scepter (Scepter) shall rise out of Israel and shall crush all the corners of Moab and break down all the sons of Sheth [Moab's sons of tumult]. [Matt2.2; Rom15.12] (Ge28.14) |
Promised Seed of Jacob |
Lu3.34. 34the son of Jacob, the son of Isaac, the son of Abraham, the son of Terah, the son of Nahor, (Mt1.2) |
Ge49.10. 10The scepter or leadership shall not depart from Judah, not the ruler's staff from between his feet, until Shiloh [the Messiah, the Peaceful One] comes to Whom it belongs, and to Him shall be the obedience of the people. [Num24.17; Ps60.7] |
Will Descend from the Tribe of Judah |
Lu3.33. 33the son of Aminadab, the son of Admin, the son of Arni, the son of Hezron, the son of Perez, the son of Judah, (Mt1.2,3) |
Is9.7. 7Of the increase of His government and of peace there shall be no end, upon the throne of David and over his kingdom, to establish it and to uphold it with justice and with righteousness from the [latter] time forth, even forevermore. The zeal of the LORD of hosts will perform this. [Dan2.44; 1Cor15.25─28; Heb1.8] (Is11.1─5; 2S7.13) |
The Heir of the Throne of David |
Mt1.1. 1The book of the ancestry (genealogy) of Jesus Christ (the Messiah, the Anointed), the son (descendant) of David, the son (descendant) of Abraham. [Ps132.11; Isa11.1] (Mt1.6) |
Mi5.2. 2But you, Bethlehem Ephratah, you are litthe to be among the clans of Judah; [yet] out of you shall One come forth for Me Who is to be Ruler in Israel, Whose goings forth have been from of old, from ancient days (eternity). [Gen49.10; Matt2.5─12; John7.42] |
Place of Birth |
Mt2.1. 2Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea in the days of Herod the king, behold, wise men [astrologers] from the east came to Jerusalem, asking, (Lu2.4─7) |
Da9.25. 25Know therefore and understand that from the going forth of the commandment to restore and to build Jerusalem until [the coming of] the Anointed One, a Prince, shall be seven weeks [of years] and sixty-two weeks [of years]; it shall be built again with [city] square and moat, but in troublous times. |
Time of Birth |
Lu2.1,2. 2In those days it occured that a decree went out from Caesar Augustus that the whole Roman empire should be registered. 2This was the first enrollment, and it was made when Quirinius was governor of Syria. (Lu2.3─7) |
Is7.14. 14Therefore the LORD Himself shall give you a sign: Behold, the young woman who is unmarried and a virgin shall conceive and bear a son, and shall call his nama Immanuel [God with us]. [Isa9.6; Jer31.22; Mic5.3─5; Matt1.22,23] |
Born of a Virgin |
Mt1.18. 18Now the birth of Jesus Christ took place under these circumstances: When His mother Mary had been promised in marriage to Joseph, before they came together, she was found to be pregnant [through the power] of the Holy Spirit. (Lu1.26─35) |
Je31.15. 15Thus says the LORD: "A voice is heard in Ramah, lementation and bitter weeping. Rachel is weeping for her children; she refuses to be comforted for her children, because they are no more. [Matt2.18] |
Massacre of Infants |
Mt2.16. 16Then Herod, when he realized that he had been misled by the wise men, was furiously enraged, and he sent and put to death all the male children in Bethlehem and in all that territory who were two years old and under, reckoning according to the date which he had investigated diligently and had learned exactly from the wise men. (Mt2.17,18) |
Ho11.1. 11When Israel was a child, then I loved him and called My son out of Egypt. [Matt2.15] |
Flight into Egypt |
Mt2.14. 14And having risen, he took the Child and His mother by night and withdrew to Egypt (Mt2.15) |
Is9.1,2. 9But [in the midst of judgment there is the promise and the certainty of the LORD's deliverance and] there shall be no gloom for her who was in anguish. In the former time [the LORD] brought into contempt the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, but in the latter time He will make it glorious, by the way of the Sea [of Galilee, the land] beyond the Jordan, Galilee of the nations.2 The people who walked in darkness have seen a great Light; those who dwelt in the land of intense darkness and the shadow of death, upon them has the Light shined. [Isa42.6; Matt4.15,16] |
Ministry in Galilee |
Mt4.12 ─16. 12Now when Jesus heard that John had been arrested and put in prison, He withdrew into Galilee. 13And leaving Nazareth, He went and dwelt in Capernaum by the sea, in the country of Zebulun and Naphtali, 14that what was spoken by the prophet Isaiah might be brought to pass:15 "The land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, in the way to the sea, beyond the Jordan, Galilee of the Gentiles [of the peoples who are not of Israel] ─ [Isa9.1─2]16 the people who sat (dwelt enveloped) in darkness have seen a great Light, and for those who sat in the land and shadow of death Light has dawned." |
De18.15. 15The LORD your God will raise up for you a prophet (Prophet) from the midst of your brethren like me [Moses]; to him you shall listen. |
As a Prophet |
Jn6.14. 14When the people saw the sign (miracle) that Jesus had performed, they began saying, "Surely and beyond a doubt this is the Prophet Who is to come into the world! [Deut18.15,18; John1.21; Acts3.22] (Jn1.45; Ac3.19─26) |
Ps110.4. 4The LORD has sworn and will not revoke or change it: You are a priest forever, after the manner and order of Melchizedek. [Heb5.10;7.11,15,21] |
As a Priest, like Melchizedek |
He6.20. 20Where Jesus has entered in for us [in advance], a Forefunner having become a High Priest forever after the order (with the rank) of Melchizedek. [Ps110.4] (He5.5,6;7.15─17) |
Is53.3. 3He was dispised and rejected and forsaken by men, a Man of sorrows and pains, and exquainted with grief and sickness; and like One from Whom men hide their faces He was dispised, and we did not appreciate His worth or have any esteem for Him. (Ps2.2) |
His Rejection by Jews |
Jn1.11. 11He came to that which belonged to Him [to His own ─ His domain, creation, things, world], and they who were His own did not receive Him and did not welcome Him. (Jn5.43; Lu4.29;17.25;23.18) |
Is11.2. 2And the Spirit of the LORD shall rest upon Him ─ the Spirit of wisdom and understanding, the Spirit of counsel and might, the Spirit of knowledge and of the reverential and obedient fear of the LORD ─ (Ps45.7; Is11.3,4) |
Some of His Characteristics |
Lu2.52. 52And Jesus increased in wisdom (in broad and full understanding) and in stature and years, and in favor with God and man. (Lu4.18) |
Zec9.9. 9Rejoice greatly, O Daughter of Zion! Shout aloud, O Daughter of Jerusalem! Behold, your King comes to you; He is [uncompromisingly] just and having salvation [triumphant and victorious], patient, meek, lowly, and riding on a donkey, upon a colt, the foal of a donkey. [Matt21.5; John12.14,15] (Is62.11) |
His Triumphal Entry |
Jn12.13,14. 13So they took branches of palm threes and went out to meet Him. And as they went, they kept shouting, "Hosanna! Blessed is He and praise to Him Who comes in the name of the Lord, even the King of Israel! [Ps118.26] (Mt21.1─11; Jn12.12) |
Ps41.9. 9Even my own familiar friend, in whom I trusted (relied on and was confident), who ate of my bread, has lifted up his heel against me. [John13.18] |
Betrayed by a Friend |
Mk14.10. 10Then Judas Iscariot, who was one of the Twelve [apostles], went off to the chief priests in order to betray and hand Him over to them. (Mt26.14─16; Mk14.43─45) |
Zec11.12. 12And I said to them, "If it seems just and right to you, give me my wages; but if not, withhold them. So they weighed out for my price thirty pieces of silver." (Zec11.13) |
Sold for Thirty Pieces of Silver |
Mt26.15. 15And said, "What are you willing to give me if I hand Him over to you?" And they weighed out for and paid him thirty pieces of silver [about twenty-one dollars and sixty cents]. [Exod21.32; Zech11.12] (Mt27.3─10) |
Zec11.13. 13And the LORD said to me, "Cast it to the potter [as if He said, To the dogs!] ─ the munificently [miserable] sum at which I [and My shepherd] am priced by them!" And I [Zechariah] took the thirty pieces of silver and cast them to the potter in the house of the LORD. [Matt26.14,15;27.3─10] |
Money to be Returned for a Potter's Field |
Mt27.6,7. 6But the chief priests, picking up the pieces of silver, said, "It is not legal to put these in the [consecrated] treasure, for it is the price of blood." 7So after consultation they bought with them [the pieces of silver] the potter's field [as a place] in which to bury strangers. (Mt27.3─5;8─10) |
Ps109.7,8. 7When [whe wicked] is judged, let him be condemned, and let his prayer [for leniency] be turned into a sin.8 Let his days be few; and let another take his office and charge. [Acts1.20] |
Judas' Office to be Taken by Another |
Ac1.18 ─20. 18Now this man obtained a piece of land with the [money paid him as a] reward for his treachery and wickness, and falling headlong he burst open in the middle [of his body] and all his intestines poured forth. 19And all the residents of Jerusalem became acquainted with the facts, so that they called the piece of land in their own dialect ─ Akeldama, that is, Field of Blood. 20"For in the book of Psalms it is written, 'Let his place of residence become deserted and gloomy, and let there be no one to live in it'; and [again], 'Let another take his position or overseership.' [Ps69.25;109.8] (Ac1.16,17) |
Ps27.12. 12Give me not up to the will of my adversaries, for false witnesses have risen up against me; they breathe out cruelty and violence. (Ps35.11) |
False Witnesses Accuse Him |
Mt26.60,61. 60But they found none, though many witnesses came forward [to testify]. At last two men came forward 61and testify, "This Fellow said, 'I am able to tear down the sanctuary of the temple of God and to build it up again in three days.'" |
Is53.7. 7He was oppressed, [yet when] He was afflicted, He was submissive and opened not His mouth; like a lamb that is led to the slaughter, and as a sheep before her shearers is dumb, so He opened not His mouth. (Ps38.13,14) |
Silent When Accused |
Mt26.62,63. 62And the high priest stood up and said, "Have You no answer to make? What about this that these men testify against you?" 63But Jesus kept silent. And the high priest said to Him, "I call upon you to swear by the living God, and tell us whether you are the Christ, the Son of God." (Mt27.12─14) |
Is50.6. 6I gave My back to the smiters and My cheeks to those who plucked off the hair; I hid not My face from shame and spitting. [Matt26.67;27.30; John19.1] |
Smitten and Spat Upon |
Mk14.65. 65And some of them began to spit on Him and to blindfold Him and to strike Him with their fists, saying to Him, "Prophesy!" And the guards received Him with blows and by slapping Him. (Mk15.17; Jn19.1─3;18.22) |
Ps69.4. 4Those who hate me without cause are more than the hairs of my head; those who would cut me off and destroy me, being my enemies wrongfully, and many and mighty. I am [forced] to restore what I did not steal. [John15.25] (Ps109.3─5) |
Was Hated Without a Cause |
Jn15.23 ─25. 23Whoever hates Me also hates My Father. 24If I had not done (accomplished) among them the works which no one else ever did, they would not be guilty of sin. But [the fact is] now they have both seen [these works] and have hated both Me and My Father. 25But [this is so] that the word written in the Law might be fulfilled, 'They hated Me without a cause.' [Ps35.19;69.4] |
Is53.4,5. 4Surely He has borne our griefs (sicknesses, weaknesses, and distresses) and carried our sorrows and pains [of punishment], yet we [ignorantly] considered Him stricked, smitten, and afflicted by God [as if with leprosy]. [Matt8.17]5 But He was wounded for our transgressions, He was bruised for our guilt and iniquities; the chastisement [needful to obtain] peace and well-being for us was upon Him, and with the stripes [that woulned] Him we are healed and made whole. (Is53.6,12) |
Suffered Vicariously |
Mt8.16,17. 16When evening came, they brought to Him many who were under the power of emons, and He drove out the spirits with a word and restored to health all who were sick. 17And thus He fulfilled what was spoken by the prophet Isaiah, "He Himself took [in order to carry away] our weaknesses and infirmities and bore away our diseases. [Isaiah53.4] (Ro4.25; 1Co15.3) |
Is53.12. 12Therefore will I divide Him a portion with the great [kings and rulers], and He shall divide the spoil with the mighty, because He poured out His life unto death, and [He let Himself] be regarded as a criminal and be numbered with the transgressors; yet He bore [and took away] the sin of many and made intercession for the transgressors (the rebellious). [Luke22.37] |
Crucified with Sinners |
Mt27.38. 38At the same time two robbers were crucified with Him, one on the right hand and one on the left. (Mk15.27,28; Lu23.33) |
Ps22.16. 16For [like a pack of] dogs they have encompassed me; a company of evildoers has encircled me, they pierced my hands and my feet. [Isa53.7; John19.37] (Zec12.10) |
Hands and Feet Pierced |
Jn20.27. 27Then He said to Thomas, "Reach out your finger here, and see My hands; and put out your hand and place [it] in My side. Do not be faithless and incredulous, but [stop your unbelief and] believe!" (Jn19.37;20.25,26) |
Ps22.6 ─8. 6But I am a worm, and no man; I am the scorn of men, and despised by the people. [Matt27.39─44]7 All who see me laugh at me and mock me; they shoot out the lip, they shake the head, saying, [Matt27.43]8 "He trusted and rolled himself on the LORD, that He would deliver him. Let Him deliver him, seeing that He delights in him! [Matt27.39,43; Mark15.29,30; Luke23.35] |
Mocked and Insulted |
Mt27.39,40. 39And those who passed by spoke reproachfully and abusively and jeered at Him, wagging their heads, [Ps22.7,8; 109.25] 40and they said, "You Who would tear down the sanctuary of the temple and rebuild it in three days, rescue Yourself from death. If You are the Son of God, come down from the cross." (Mt27.41─44; Mk15.29─32) |
Ps69.21. 21They gave me also gall [poisonous and bitter] for my food, and in my thirst they gave vinegar (a soured wine) to drink. [Matt27.34,48] |
Given Gall and Vinegar |
Jn19.29. 29A vessel (bowl) full of sour wine (vinegar) was placed there, so they put a sponge soaked in the sour wine on [a stalk, reed of] hyssop, and held it to [His] mouth. (Mt27.34,48) |
Ps22.8. 88"He trusted and rolled himself on the LORD, that He would deliver him. Let Him deliver him, seeing that He delights in him! [Matt27.39,43; Mark15.29,30; Luke23.35] |
Hears Prophetic Words Repeated in Mockery |
Mt27.43. 43He trusts in God; let God deliver Him now if He cares for Him and will have Him, for He said, 'I am the Son of God.'" |
Ps109.4. 4In return for my love they are my adversaries, but I resort to prayer. (Is53.12) |
Prays for His Enemies |
Lu23.34. 34And Jesus prayed, "Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do." And they divided His garments and distributed them by casting lots for them. [Ps22.18] |
Zec12.10. 10And I will pour out upon the house of David and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem the Spirit of grace or unmerited favor and supplication. And they shall look [earnestly] upon Me Whom they have pierced, and they shall mourn for Him as one mourns for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for Him as one who is in bitterness for his firstborn. [John19.37; Rev1.7] |
His Side to be Pierced |
Jn19.34. 34But one of the soldiers pierced His side with a spear, and immediately blood and water came (flowed) out. |
Ps22.18. 18They part my clothing among them and cast lots for my raiment (a long, shirlike garment, a seamless undertunic). [John19.23,24] |
Soldier Cast Lots for His Coat |
Mk15.24. 24And they crucified Him; and they divided His garments and distributed them among themselves, throwing lots for them to decide who should take what. [Ps22.18] (Jn19.24) |
Ps34.20. 20He keeps all his bones; not one of them is broken. (Ex12.46) |
Not a Bone to be Broken |
Jn19.33. 33But when they came to Jesus and they saw that He was already dead, they did not break His legs. |
Is53.9. 9And they assigned Him a grave with the wicked, and with a rich man in His death, although He had done no violence, neither was any deceit in His mouth. [Matt27.57─60; 1Pet2.22,23] |
To be Buried with the Rich |
Mt27.57 ─60. 57When it was evening, there came a rich man from Arimathea, named Joseph, who also was a disciple of Jesus. 58He went to Pilate and asked for the body of Jesus, and Pilate ordered that it be given to him. 59And Joseph took the body and rolled it up in a clean linen cloth used for swathing dead bodies 60and laid it in his own freah (undefiled) tomb, which he had hewn in the rock; and he rolled a bigh boulder over the door of the tomb and went away. |
Ps16.10. 10For You will not abandon me to Sheol (the place of the dead), neither will You suffer Your holy one [Holy One] to see corruption. [Acts13.35] (Mt16.21) |
His Resurrection |
Mt28.9. 9And as they went, behold, Jesus met them and said, "Hail (greetings)!" And they went up to Him and clasped His feet and worshiped Him. (Lu24.36─48) |
Ps68.18. 18You have ascended on high. You have led away captive a train of vanquished foes; You have received gifts of men, yes, of the rebellious also, that the LORD God might dwell there with them. [Eph4.8] |
His Ascension |
Lu24.50,51. 50Then He conducted them out as far as Bethany, and, lifting up His hands, He invoked a blessing on them. 51And it occured that while He was blessing them, He parted from them and was taken up into heaven. (Ac1.9) |