En CONSTRUCCION
REGRESA PRONTO
Lowest Point
Prins Alexander Polder
CLIMATE
Average Temperatures
Amsterdam
|
January |
2° C |
36° F |
|
July |
17° C |
62° F |
|
January |
3° C |
37° F |
|
July |
16° C |
61° F |
The Hague
Dutch Language, Propiamente llamado neerlandés e idioma oficial de Holanda y Surinam. Es también uno de los idiomas oficiales de Belgica. en Belgica y Francia es llamado Flemish (flamenco), nombre derivado de la región de Flanders. El holandés es un idioma germánico, que procede de una mezcla de dialectos llamados bajo-alemanes, llevados por los conquistadores franceses y sajones a los países bajos. se denomina propiamente neerlandés, y fue adoptado oficialmente en 1883 por el gobierno de Holanda. El holandés del Cabo o Afrikaans, hablado in Suráfrica, es un dialecto considerado hoy como un idioma independiente.
Both Belgium and the Netherlands use a common literary language, termed modern standard Dutch, although local spoken dialects often differ considerably from the standard form of the language. The dialects vary gradually from village to village across the Dutch-speaking region—that is, they form a dialect chain—shading into the regional Low German dialects of northern Germany. In the Netherlands the number of people using dialects is decreasing. Modern standard Dutch developed under the successive influence of the dialects of Flanders, Brabant, and Holland—states in the historic Netherlands region—during the times of their respective political and economic hegemony. The Dutch language may be divided into three main periods—Old, Middle, and Modern Dutch.
Old Dutch
Old Dutch extends to about 1100. The only important extant monument of this period is a translation of the Psalter.
Middle Dutch
Middle Dutch extends from 1100 to 1550. The language during this period underwent changes in sounds and inflections. No standard written form was at first recognized, and writers used local dialects. In the 13th century a determined effort was made to establish a literary Dutch, the leader in the movement being poet Jacob van Maerlant. The use of dialects, however, continued.
Modern Dutch
Modern Dutch extends from 1550 to the present day. The most important event in the history of the language during this period was the publication from 1619 to 1637 of the Statenbijbel, the authorized version of the Scriptures, which did much to spread this form of Dutch in the Low Countries. The effect of this translation was similar to that of the High German version of the Bible by Martin Luther in establishing a standard of language and orthography that was generally recognized as authoritative. This standard language spread first in the Dutch Republic of the 17th century. In the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium, which was under successive Spanish, Austrian, and French domination between 1516 and 1814, the language lost its position as a vehicle of culture until its restoration by the Flemish national movement in the 19th century. In 1898 the Belgian government granted the Dutch language official status alongside French, although it did not become the sole official language of present-day Flanders until 1938. After World War II (1939-1945), measures sponsored by the governments of Belgium and the Netherlands were taken to reform Dutch orthography and to effect uniformity of usage in the two countries.[1]___ X_‹Eð‹Mì+Eè+Mäh!_ð_‹
Flemish Language, territorial name for the Dutch language spoken in historic Flanders, a region mostly comprising the northern part of Belgium, but also including a southern part of the Netherlands and a small area of northern France. The language is officially called Dutch by the governments of Belgium and the Netherlands, but the people living in the historic Flanders region still often use the term Flemish because of its historical and sociocultural connotations.[2]
Afrikaans, one of the 11 official languages of South Africa. Afrikaans, or Cape Dutch, is principally derived from the Zuid-Holland (South Holland) dialect of mid-17th-century Dutch settlers in South Africa. It gained loanwords (words adapted from other languages) from English, French, and German (through settlers) and from African languages and underwent grammatical simplification (for example, verb tense endings were dropped). Phonetic changes also occurred: sch- became sk- (Dutch schoen; Afrik. skoen, “shoes”), the final t was lost after some consonants, and so forth. Until the mid-19th century Afrikaans was a spoken language only; Standard Dutch was used for writing. A movement then arose to make Afrikaans a literary language. It was gradually used in newspapers, schools, and churches, and in 1925 it officially replaced Standard Dutch.
Principales ciudades:
Amsterdam
Rotterdam
Eindhoven
La Haya
Groningen
Arnhem
Utrecht
Tillburg
Nijmegen
Enschede
Hertogenbosch