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- A
- The note of the musical scale used generally for tuning
(= French, Italian, Spanish: la). Notes in English are given letter names, A,B,C,D,E,F and G.
- a tempo
- Return to the original tempo.
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- Baroque
- Name given to musical development period from about 1600 until the deaths of Bach and Handel in 1750 and 1759 respectively. Term came from the ornate architecture of Germany and Austria during the 17th and 18th centuries.
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- Classical
- Name given to musical development period from about 1750 to 1830, during which time was the development of the classical symphony and concerto, typified as orderly, emphasizing formal beauty. 'Classical music' is also used as a generic term to denote art music, or music that is not entertainment, light, or popular music (see Vernacular).
- Coda
- Closing section of a composition. An added ending.
- Concerto
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A composition (usually in symphonic form with three movements) in which one instrument (or two or three) stands out in bold relief against the orchestra, or accompaniment, so as to display its qualities or the performer's skill.
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- Dynamics
- Variation of loudness and intensity, such as loud (forte) and soft (piano).
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- Étude
- An exercise to develop one's technique playing an instrument.
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- Finale
- The last movement of a composition, or the final scene of a musical play or opera.
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- Ground bass
- Bass notes, typically in a pattern that are repeated, forming the foundation for harmony.
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- Harmony
- Simultaneous combinations of sounds.
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- Interval
- The distance in pitch between two notes.
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- Key signature
- Sharp or flat placed on lines or spaces at the beginning of each staff.
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- Libretto
- The text for a musical stage work, such as an opera.
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- Melody
- A succession of tones, usually as a coherent line.
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Notation
- The writing down of music, typically on a staff using
musical signs for pitch, time and other sound qualities.
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Opera
- A musical composition for dramatic stage, typically
with at least two acts.
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Prelude
- Introductory piece in an instrumental composition,
opera, or suite.
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Renaissance
- Period of musical history from about 1450 to 1600,
especially known for its rebirth of secular music.
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Sonata
- A musical composition for one or more instruments.
The term also refers to the musical form typical of the first
movements of 18th-century sonatas and related genres. Since the
mid-18th century, the term sonata has generally been used for works
in a three- or four-movement format for one or two instruments, as in
the piano sonata (for solo piano) or violin sonata (for violin with a
keyboard instrument).
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Symphony
- Orchestral composition consisting usually of four
contrasting sections, or movements. The term was first applied in the
16th century to the instrumental interludes in such musical forms as
the cantata, opera, and oratorio. By 1740 the symphony had become
the principal genre of orchestral music, and important centers of
composition arose in Mannheim, Germany; Berlin; and Vienna.
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Tempo
- Referring to the speed at which a performance is
played.
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Vernacular music
- Popular, entertainment, or show music. See
also Classical.
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