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1. NO QUESTION - (Indicated what test version) |
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2. If we form a negative impression of someone, we tend to evaluate all future behavior negatively as well. This is an example of the perceptual bias of:
a. first-impression error.
b. halo effect.
c. selective perception.
d. stereotyping.
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3. Type A personalities tend to:
a. get more done in the presence of distractions.
b. have better health than Type Bs.
c. experience all of these.
d. perform all types of tasks better than Type Bs.
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4. Tom is using a personality test in the hiring process that yields consistent scores and provides an accurate measure of the candidate's personality. This test has:
a. high validity and low reliability.
b. low reliability and low validity.
c. high reliability and low validity.
d. high validity and high reliability.
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5. Which of the following is not a visual cue related to gestalt theory?
a. Expectancy
b. Proximity
c. Closure
d. Similarity
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6. The kind of knowledge that directly relates to accomplishing tasks is:
a. implicit knowledge.
b. tacit knowledge.
c. working knowledge.
d. prospective knowledge.
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7. In the Heneman article, what was the first step discussed in the case study?
a. Assessing the effectiveness of the incentive system
b. Administering a baseline survey
c. Developing a new incentive pay system
d. Developing a survey to assess the need for incentive pay
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8. Fayol's principles of classical organizational theory include:
a. the empowerment of employees through the elimination of the chain-of-command and increased participation.
b. a focus on maximum efficiency through the selection and training of employees.
c. a concern for human motives.
d. a division of labor, permitting people to specialize in those jobs they do best.
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9. Which of the following is one of the major variables that influence entrepreneurial behavior, according to the Naffziger article?
a. All of these
b. The relevant business environment
c. Goals of the entrepreneur
d. Personal characteristics
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10. The job characteristics model expands on which element of job redesign?
a. job enlargement
b. critical psychological states
c. job enrichment
d. job expectancy
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11. Hypothesis is to Theory as
a. Research is to observation
b. General is to specific
c. Group is to individual
d. Specific is to general
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12. When it comes to impression management, individuals high in self-monitoring:
a. have no advantage or disadvantage in relationship to others.
b. tend to make poor public impressions.
c. have an important advantage over others.
d. tend to be seen as machiavellian because of their ability to adapt.
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13. Which of the following is considered part of Classical OB?
a. Post-scientific management
b. All of these are considered Classical OB
c. Pre-scientific management
d. Scientific management
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14. When managers think about motivation there are three keys they should consider, such as:
a. money is a key motivator, the primary mover of human behavior.
b. people generally have one simple motive to their behavior.
c. employees can have several motives at the same time and they can be in conflict.
d. highly motivated workers always also are high performers.
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15. Research has shown that people will work at the highest level when performance goals are:
a. very easy and general in nature.
b. extremely difficult but general in nature.
c. moderate in difficulty and specific.
d. easy but very specific.
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16. The process of perception:
a. involves the selection, organization, and interpretation of sensory information.
b. is inherently nonjudgmental.
c. is a public process that can be objectively observed.
d. is unrelated to the process of selectivity on the part of individuals.
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17. Organizational commitment:
a. is a function of employee attitude based on the management style of their managers.
b. is synonymous with job satisfaction.
c. has a much stronger relationship to job satisfaction than job performance does.
d. is unrelated to job satisfaction.
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18. Contemporary organizational behavior is based on several key assumptions including:
a. organizational productivity and employee quality of work life will be conflicting goals.
b. all of these.
c. that there is a best or most efficient way to organize a business.
d. the fact that organizations are in motion and constantly changing.
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19. The unique and relatively stable pattern of behavior, thoughts, and emotions shown by individuals is known as:
a. self-efficacy beliefs.
b. personality.
c. emotional intelligence.
d. intelligence quotient.
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20. When people repeat actions that have positive effects, and do not repeat actions that have negative effects, they are demonstrating:
a. the transfer of training.
b. operant conditioning.
c. the law of effect.
d. observational learning.
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21. The predominant position regarding personality in organizational behavior is that:
a. behavior is a function of personality and external environment.
b. personality is not a valuable concept even though certain traits do exist.
c. behavior is solely determined by personality.
d. the environment is the dominant element in determining behavior.
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22. As a manager you are interviewing job candidates. As you observe each candidate during the interview, you form an opinion about him/her independent of the data you collect from your questioning. This is an example of:
a. perception.
b. learning.
c. bias.
d. operant conditioning.
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23. Suppose that as a supervisor, you find it necessary to discipline one of your employees for consistently showing up for work late. Which one of the following actions would be correct to perform?
a. Clearly communicate the reasons for the disciplinary action.
b. Punish the individual by focusing on his or her irresponsibility.
c. Give the person the rest of the day off after you discuss the problem.
d. Make an example out of this person by punishing him or her, but not others who are also consistently late.
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24. Studies show that people tended to perform well when:
a. there is a match between their personalities and the characteristics of the jobs they perform.
b. they exhibit a Type B personality with a high emotional intelligence quotient.
c. they have low self-efficacy but high self monitoring.
d. they have a high A-type personality and strong organizational skills.
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25. According to expectancy theory, the belief that good performance will be rewarded is known as:
a. procedural justice.
b. valence.
c. expectancy.
d. instrumentality.
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26. We all make inferences about people but they may be inaccurate because:
a. individuals may be concealing information about themselves and their traits.
b. of all of these.
c. our judgments may be inaccurate.
d. we may not know all of the possible causes of the behavior.
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27. The personality dimension, ____, is at one end good-natured, gentle, cooperative, etc., and irritable, ruthless, suspicious, at the other end.
a. agreeableness
b. conscientiousness
c. emotional stability
d. extroversion-introversion
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28. Which of the following strategies would scientific management recommend to improve productivity?
a. Expanding job responsibilities for each worker.
b. Improving worker job satisfaction.
c. Implementing a program of careful selection and training of all employees.
d. Paying workers a salary or hourly wage.
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29. Arousal is critical to the process of motivation because it:
a. is the drive behind our behavior to attain goals.
b. helps one to maintain the behavior needed to reach goals.
c. defines the direction our actions take.
d. explains the value of equity theory.
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30. People who are rewarded on a variable interval schedule of reinforcement tend to:
a. perform erratically for a relatively long period.
b. perform erratically for a relatively short period.
c. perform well for a relatively short period.
d. perform well for a relatively long period.
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31. Research shows that the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance is:
a. very strong, the higher the satisfaction the better the performance.
b. one that depends on the time of supervision and the level of control the employee has.
c. nonexistent, satisfaction has no relationship to organizational productivity.
d. positive but not strong, satisfaction does somewhat impact performance.
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32. According to equity theory, if Sam believes that the ratio of his outcomes/inputs is greater than the ratio of Joe's outcomes/inputs, then Sam will:
a. lower his inputs.
b. experience anger.
c. raise his outcomes.
d. experience guilt.
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33. You work very hard on a key report. As a finishing touch you add some clip art to the document. Your boss loves it and asks why you haven't done it before. So in all future reports you add clip art images. This is an example of what form of learning?
a. observational learning
b. modeling
c. operant conditioning
d. classical conditioning
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34. B. F. Skinner's work on operant conditioning would be best able to explain which of the following?
a. The tendency for people to continue playing slot machines although they are bound to lose money.
b. The tendency for a supervisor's praise to increase a subordinate's good behavior.
c. The tendency for a person chastised by his co-workers for wearing inappropriate clothing to the office to refrain from doing so again.
d. All of these.
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35. Suppose you see your co-worker getting chewed out by your boss because he took too long a coffee break. Now, you refrain from taking coffee breaks that are too long yourself. This is an example of which type of learning?
a. classical conditioning
b. observational learning
c. feedback training
d. instrumental conditioning
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36. In class, we discussed a case of conditioning where a woman named Carmen was first conditioned to yawn when she heard the name "Yanni" then later this conditioning was extended so that she would yawn when she heard the name of Yanni's wife, Linda Evans. When conditioning the woman to yawn to "Linda Evans", _________ conditioning was being used. "Linda Evans" was the _______.
a. Classical; CS
b. Classical; UCS
c. Operant; positive reinforcer
d. Operant; negative reinforcer
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37. According to two-factor (motivator-hygiene) theory dissatisfaction:
a. comes from the conditions that surround the job.
b. comes from the lack of motivators.
c. is simply the absence of satisfaction.
d. generally is based in the work itself.
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38. How many major variables does Naffziger believe influence an individual' decision to behave in an entrepreneurial manner?
a. 3
b. 5
c. 6
d. 4
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39. Field theory is best summarized by which of the following statements? Behavior is a function of...
a. Both knowledge and ability
b. Mainly situational forces
c. Both the individual and the situation
d. The actor and the observer
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40. Your friend appears to be blowing you off. He has cancelled the last few times you have had plans. You get very angry and decide he just doesn’t want to hang out. He tells you he's been very busy, and not to take it personally. You have just demonstrated
a. The similar to me effect
b. The fundamental attribution error
c. Cognitive dissonance
d. Impression management
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41. Maslow need theory is to Alderfer's need theory as the tricomponent view of attitudes is to _______.
a. Festinger's theory
b. Single component
c. Behavioral view
d. Cognitive dissonance
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42. Which of the following statements accurately describes the Kerr article on reward systems?
a. There are very few cases of ineffective reward systems.
b. There are numerous cases of ineffective reward systems.
c. None of these are consistent with Kerr's article.
d. It is ok to reward B when you hope for behavior A, as long as you make it clear that A is the desired behavior.
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43. A feedback process that uses multiple sources from around the organization to evaluate one person is:
a. a baseline audit.
b. multiple regression.
c. team feedback.
d. 360 degree feedback.
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44. The interactionist approach was strongly influenced by the work of
a. Kelly
b. Lewin
c. Taylor
d. Fayol
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45. In Maslow's hierarchy once a person's physiological needs are met, the next need level is:
a. self-esteem needs.
b. physiological needs.
c. self-actualization needs.
d. safety needs.
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46. According to Kelley's theory of causal attribution, when we form judgments on the basis of consensus, our attribution is based on the fact that:
a. this person's traits match the traits of other people we know.
b. this person behaves in the same manner in other contexts.
c. the person we're judging acts the same way at other times when he/she is in a similar situation.
d. other people behave in the same manner as the person we're judging.
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47. We believe that a person is motivated by external causes if:
a. other people act like this, the person does not behave consistently like this, and the person acts the same in other situations.
b. other people do not act like this, the person behaves consistently like this, and the person acts the same in other situations.
c. other people do not act like this, the person behaves consistently like this, and the person acts differently in other situations.
d. other people act like this, the person behaves consistently like this, and the person does not act like this in other situations.
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48. To test a specific theory, an OB researcher tests specific _____ by manipulating ____ and then measuring _____.
a. variables; a hypothesis; the correlation
b. hypotheses; an independent variable; a dependent variable
c. subjects; a variable; the resulting behavior
d. theories; the dependent variable; an independent variable
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49. John is caught stealing products from his company's warehouse, over $15,000 worth. This is his first offense. His company has a progressive discipline process. The company's most likely action would be to:
a. talk with him about his problem and recommend counseling.
b. transfer him to another warehouse.
c. give him an oral reprimand and return him to work.
d. terminate him immediately.
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50. In terms of organizational commitment, continuance commitment is the strength of a person's desire to work for an organization because he/she agrees with its goals.
a. True
b. False
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51. The behavioral component of an attitude is our predisposition to act in a certain way.
a. True
b. False
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52. The first step in perception is to interpret information
a. True
b. False
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53. In class, we discussed the case of Angelo DeLusia and his lemonade business in terms of traits related to entrepreneurs.
a. True
b. False
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54. When it comes to disciplining employees 83% of companies have no discipline process or even offer the threat of discipline to poor or misbehaving employees.
a. True
b. False
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55. Classical conditioning involves the learning of associations.
a. True
b. False
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56. Negative reinforcement and punishment are synonyms.
a. True
b. False
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57. An unstable cause of behavior is likely to be in effect in the future.
a. True
b. False
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58. Goal-setting theory argues that goal commitment is the primary influence on task performance.
a. True
b. False
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59. It is best when dealing with a high "Mach" to avoid focusing on their behavior and to listen carefully to what they say.
a. True
b. False
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60. For punishment to be effective it should be immediate, moderate, and directed at the person.
a. True
b. False
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61. The actor/observer effect states that we are equally likely to attribute behavior to external forces when we consider our own or other's actions.
a. True
b. False
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62. The functional view of attitudes includes the reduction of cognitive dissonance.
a. True
b. False
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63. Type As perform faster, work harder, and seek more challenging tasks than Type Bs.
a. True
b. False
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64. Self-efficacy is a personality characteristic that can be changed.
a. True
b. False
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65. Both practical and cognitive intelligence are measured by IQ tests as they both consist of verbal, math, and reasoning skills.
a. True
b. False
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66. In terms of causal attribution, to the extent that someone's behavior is the same regardless of the context, is the extent to which a person's behavior is consistent.
a. True
b. False
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67. The Heneman article demonstrated that performance increased after the introduction of a new pay plan
a. True
b. False
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68. If a personality test is reliable it does not have to be valid to provide useful and legal data.
a. True
b. False
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69. Individuals with high self-efficacy on the job:
a. tend to do more with less effort.
b. also tend to be Type B personalities.
c. really do succeed, more than people with low self-efficacy.
d. don't expect to succeed in new tasks. |
