The jungles
of Sri Lanka abound in a variety of wildlife, which is surprising for an
island of its size in the tropics. From ancient days the elephants and
peacock from the Sri Lankan jungles were prize exports to the Kingdoms of
East and West. But apart from these well known examples of the fauna, a
visit to the Sri Lankan jungles is to enter a whole new world where nature
has largely stayed still.There are four majour national parks.
These are the best known is Ruhunu National Park, at Yala,
in the deep South of the island. The other well known national park,at Wilpattu,is
at present closed due to the prevailing conditions in the North of the
island. There are also two other national parks at Inginiyagala
and Udawalawe.
Sri Lanka has a rich and
exotic variety of wildlife and a long tradition of conservation rooted in
its 2,230 year old Buddhist civilisation. The following are the most
important sanctuaries in terms of attractions, accessibility and
availability of facilities.
Animal Sanctuaries,
The animals to be seen in Sri Lanka's national parks include elephant,
leopard, sloth bear, sambhur, deer and monkeys, wild buffalo, wild boar
(pig), porcupine, ant-eater, civet cat, jackal, mongoose, loris (unique to
sri Lanka) several varieties of lizards, squirrels, reptiles and
amphibians. Each park however has its own specialities.
Yala (Ruhuna) National
Park
While the elephant is undoubtedly the best known attraction at Yala,
Seen in small and large herds,what is the most appealing here is the
overall mood of the undisturbed jungle. Large herds of spoted Deer are
seen all over the Park, as are many Sambhur, and for those who are sharp
eyed to observe, many of the endemoc Muntjac or Barking Deer.
Monkeys-the pinkish Rhesus and the grey faced Langur Monkey, live and play
on the tree-tops and the ground below. Wild Buffalo and Wild Boar could
give you a good surprise and a great picture,while sight of a leopard
sunning itself or drinking at a water hole could be a memorable
experience, As dusk gathers, there is every chance of seeing the Ceylon
Sloth Bear scampering with its young on it back. the progress of your
vehicle could be held up by a Python across the track, and near the many
waterholes will bee found whole colonies of Crocodiles.
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The Peacock
is easily the most famous of the birds at Yala. The mating dance
of the male, with its colourful plumes fully spread, is a
photographer's delight. While the Peacock has its fame,there are
also many other species which attract those who are interested in
bird life, and add to the mood and feel of nature. The Painted
stork, many verities of heron,the poonbill,the bee-eater, many
colourful parrots and parakeets,the hornbill, kingfisher
and wood-pecker and hoopoe are all birds that can be seen
by the observant in the jungles of Sri Lanka. |
There is
accomodation in the national parks of Sri Lanka in special bungalows
maintained by the Department of Wild Life Conservation. Dry
rations are taken by the visitors and they are made for you by caretakers
who are expert at turning quick, tasty meals. Travel inside the parks only
by a vehicle. Four- wheel drive is recomended. Entry to the parks is by
special permit. It's best to hire a jeep and driver in tissamaharama.
Nearby is a Bundala National Park is Srilanka's best spot for
birdwatching.
Wilpattu National Park |
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Situated 176 km. north of
Colombo, Wilpattu is approximately 1,908 sq.km. in extent. It has a dense
jungle cover which makes it a more exciting park where animals have to be
tracked. There are numerous delightful little lakes - known as villus -
and the leopard and sloth bear are the speciality rather than elephants.
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Uda Walawe
National Park
Situated 170 km. South East of Colombo the Uda Walawe National Park is
approximately 30,821 hectares in extent. This Park which lies within the
Ratnapura and Monaragala Districts acts as the catchment to the Uda Walawe
Reservoir and is located in the Dry Zone. This Park comprises grasslands
and thorn scrubs and many valuable species of trees are found within it.
Large herds of Elephants and Deer species such as spotted Deer, Sambhur,
Barking deer and Langur, Wild Boar, Water Buffalo, Jackal are some of the
prominent wild animals found in this Park and a variety of avifauna is
seen.
Gal Oya National Park, Situated at Inginiyagala, the Gal Oya
National Park is 314 km. from Colombo and is most renowned for its
elephant population
Maduru Oya National
Park
The Maduru Oya National Park is located in the Dry Zone and is 300 km.
away from Colombo and 58,849 hectares in extent. A wide variety of
wildlife including some endemic birds species and reptiles are found here.
Maduru Oya is rich in ancient ruins found in different places and its
southern parts provide veddhas, indigenous people their living
environment. Endemic purple monkey is among the important animal species
that can be seen in addition to Sambhur, a member of the cat family etc.
There are some endemic avifauna also found within this Park.
Wasgamuwa National
Park
Situated approximately 200 km. away from
Colombo, the Wasgamuwa National Park lies within the Polonnaruwa and
Matale Districts and have the Mahaweli river and Amban river as its
eastern and western boundaries. Tropical intermediate dry mixed evergreen
forest predominates its environment.
Horton Plains National
Park
The Horton Plains
National Park is the only National Park situated in the Hill Country and
falls within the Nuwara Eliya district and is 200 km. away from Colombo.
Panoramic scenic beauty of the Hill Country could be witnessed within the
Park. The famous `Worlds End' is a major attraction within the Park.
Endemic slender loris and endemic purple monkey are among the important
animal species that could be seen in addition to sambhur, a member of the
cat family etc. There are some endemic avifauna also found within this
Park.
Bird Sanctuaries
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The sanctuaries at Kumana
312 km. from Colombo, Wirawila 261 km. Bundala 259 km. and Kalametiya
224 km. are all lagoon locations in Sri Lanka's extreme south eastern coast.
The Giant's Tank in the north western corner of the island is a huge ancient
irrigation reservoir of 3,800 hectares. The coastal sanctuaries are exotically
picturesque with combinations of lagoon, swamp, river, jungle, lake and plain.
Large flocks can be found here of both resident and migrant aquatic birds. The
highland sanctuaries at Udawattakele 118 km. from Colombo and the Peak
Wilderness 141 km. are quieter but equally picturesque with wooded hills and
secluded streams and have the added bonus of rare flora such as our unique
Wesak Orchid as well as numerous species of rare butterflies.
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National Zoological
garden
Situated 11 km. from the Fort, the Zoo has a fine collection of animals,
birds, reptiles and fish from all over the world. The aquarium is the only one
of its kind in Asia and displays over 500 varieties of aquatic life. Also walk
in through Aviary, Reptilium, Butterfly Park. There are daily elephant
performance at 5.15 p.m. Open daily between 8.00 a.m. and 6.00 p.m. Entrance
fees : Rs 90/- per adult and Rs.45/- per child.
Beautiful Botanic Gardens
Sri Lanka has three beautiful Botanic Gardens - Peradeniya at an
elevation of 488 metres, Hakgala at an elevation of 1,680 metres and Henarathgoda
in the low country.
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