RESOURCES

Bibliography
Things I borrowed



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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Aitchison, Jean. Teach Yourself Linguistics. London: Hodder & Stoughton Educational, 1999.

Bender, Ernest. Hindi Grammar and Reader. Philadelphia: University of Philadelphia Press, 1967.

Birkenmayer, Sigmund S. and Zbigniew Folejewski. Introduction to the Polish Language. New York: The Kosciuszko Foundation, 1978.

Bredsdorff, M.A. Danish: An Elementary Grammar and Reader. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1958.

Claypoole, Joanne R. Beginner's Japanese. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1994.

Connor, George Alan, et. al. Esperanto: The World Interlanguage. South Brunswick: Thomas Yoseloff Ltd, 1966.

Coulson, Michael. Sanskrit: An Introduction to the Classical Language. London: Hodder and Stoughton Ltd., 1976.

Crystal, David. The Cambridge Encyclopędia of Language. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

Duff, Charles and Dmitri Makaroff. Russian for Beginners. New York: Harper Perennial, 1962.

Durrell, Martin. Using German: A Guide to Contemporary Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

Elbert, Samuel H. Elbert and Mary Kawena Pukui. Hawaiian Grammar. Honolulu: University of hawaii Press, 1979.

Firmage, Richard A. The Alphabet Abecedarium: Some Notes on Letters. Boston: David R. Godine, Publisher, Inc., 1993.

Fremantle, Anne. A Primer of Linguistics. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1974.

Gelb, I. J. A Study of Writing. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1974.

Graziano, Carlo. Italian Verbs and Essentials of Grammar. Lincolnwood, Illinois: Passport Books, 1987.

Harrison, R. K. Biblical Hebrew. London: Hodder and Stoughton Ltd., 1955.

Haugen, Einar. Beginning Norwegian. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1977.

Healy, Dana. Teach Yourself Vietnamese. London: Hodder and Stoughton Ltd., 1997.

Hendricks, Rhoda A. Latin Made Simple. Garden City, New York: Doubleday and Company, Inc., 1962.

Hill, Archibald A., ed. Linguistics Today. New York: Basic Books, Inc., Publishers, 1969.

Hodge, Carleton T., ed. Swahili Basic Course. Washington, D.C.: Foreign Service Institute, 1963.

Koski, August A. and Ilona Mihalyfy. Hungarian Basic Course. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1990.

Langdon, Margaret. A Grammar of Diegueńo: The Mesa Grande Dialect. Los Angeles: University of California Publications, 1970.

Lehmann, Winfred P. Historical Linguistics: An Introduction. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1962.

Mitchell, Bruce. A Guide to Old English. Alva, Scotland: Robert Cunningham and Song, Ltd., 1964.

Okrand, Marc. The Klingon Dictionary. New York: Pocket Books, 1992.

Paine, Stephen W. Beginning Greek: A Functional Approach. New York: Oxford University Press, 1961

Pei, Mario. The Story of Language. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company, 1965.

Resnick, Seymour. Essential French Grammar. New York: Dover Publications, Inc, 1961.

Sharpey, G.D.A. Teach Yourself Latin. London: Hodder and Stoughton Ltd., 1997.

Smit, Jacob and Einder P. Meijer. Dutch Grammar and Reader with Exercises. Kingsgrove, N.S.W., Australia: Melbourne University Press, 1963.

Sweet, Henry. An Anglo-Saxon Reader in Prose and Verse with Grammar, Metre, Notes, and Glossary. London: Oxford University Press, 1943.

Turk, Laurel H. and Aurelio M. Espinosa, Jr. Foundation Course in Spanish. Lexington, Massachusetts: D. C. health and Company, 1974.

Wightwick, Jane. Mastering Arabic. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1990.

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THINGS I BORROWED

This is an incomplete list of stuff in my language that I deliberately took from something else. There are a lot of features in my language that are like other languages but I did not take from them (such as the VSO word order); this is to be expected in any language you create. This list is for intentional, unaccidental borrowings.

I took some case endings from Latin:

• Old Esmic -sud is from Latin -us.
• Old Esmic -put is from Latin -um.
• Old Esmic -dith is from Latin -i.
• The case suffix put onto objects of prepositions (-bodh) is taken from Latin ablative ending o.

http://www.zompist.com/kitgram.html#nounmorph

A dictionary I've had since I was little has brief histories of the English letters, and I borrowed a few letters from it.

• Old Esmic e from Ancient Greek A.
• Old Esmic r from Ancient Middle Eastern Tribes m.
• Old Esmic o from pretty much every o in western civilization.
• Old Esmic y from Ancient Middle Eastern Tribes q.
• Old Esmic g from my handwriting — it's how I write a capital E.

The symbol 3 is used in the Latin writing system to mean "three" and in the Cyrillic alphabet as a letter pronounced like an English z. Since it ended up in both of them I figured it might end up as something in another system, too, so I used it as a p.

I heard that Swahili has its gender system based somewhat on animacy, which I've borrowed and modified.
http://www.zompist.com/kitgram.html#gender

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