Soils
The soils in the footslopes are of the clayey types which are generally deep with common volcanic rock fragments. However, in steep areas where erosion is active, shallow soil layers occur. Soil in these areas is well-drained but relatively acidic. Higher rainfall and faster lateral movement of water in these areas contributed to the higher leaching of soil.
Due to low temperature, there are more organic matter in the soil in areas with higher elevation. But generally, the soils are phosphate deficient although some areas have high potassium content.