Some like it Wet!
A freshwater marsh forms in an area which is regularly submerged
as a result of seasonal variations in the water level. Marshes tend
to be more rich in minerals and nutrients, so they have a richer variety
of plant and animal life than bogs. Marsh plants absorb excess nutrients
from groundwater, providing natural water purification and promoting the
development of rich organic soil.
Marshes are characterized by soft-stemmed plants. A typical marsh can
include:
- clumps of surface plants such as cattails and bulrushes
(sedges => "sedges have edges")
- wild rice (grasses have round leaves)
- floating plants such as waterlilies and duckweed
- submerged plants
- open water
Marshes tend to moderate the effect of varying water levels and reduce
flooding by absorbing water and then slowly releasing it. Also, marshes reduce
erosion of stream banks and lakeshores by cushioning against water flow and
binding soil together. Unfortunately, marshes have been steadily filled in
or drained, in particular around the Great Lakes.
Prairie potholes are another kind of marsh. They provides homes for over
half of North America's waterfowl. They also buffer flood waters and help
purify ground water. Despite all this, they are also in decline.
If the intake of dead plant matter exceeds the rate at which this material
decomposed or is recycled by the activity of animals such as muskrats, a marsh
can become a wet meadow and so vanish due to natural causes.
Marshes I have Known
- COOPER MARSH
- developed by the Raisin Region
Conservation Authority. Located in the Lake
St. Francis area.
- PRESQ'UILE MARSH BOARDWALK
- in Presqu'ile Provincial Park
- HILLMAN MARSH
- near Point Pelée Ontario. Developed by the Essex Region
Conservation Authority Bald eagles are resident
here. An excellent place to visit during spring or fall migration.
- ST. CLAIR NATIONAL WILDLIFE AREA
- north of Point Pelée Ontario. 244 hectares (602 acres) of marshland
adjacent to Lake St. Clair. An important stopover for thousands of ducks.
Yellow-headed blackbirds breed here, as well as various marsh birds such as
bitterns and rails. Located off the West Townline Road near the village of Prairie
Siding Ontario.
- COOTES PARADISE
- a 250 hectare (625 acre) marsh in recovery. Much of the original loss was
due to increased water levels in Lake Ontario, which has been kept artificially
high for navigational purposes, and excessive nutrient inflow from sewage
treatment facilities.
Marsh Links