First Peoples in Canada

We don't know exactly when and how they arrived, but the ancestors of the First Nations peoples were present in North America during the final retreat of the glaciers.

When the first Europeans arrived, there were seemingly endless stands of white pine and unimaginable quantities of cod. Huge herds of buffalo were the cornerstone of the prairie ecology. The Passenger Pigeon was the most numerous bird that ever existed on the planet, possibly numbering as many as five billion.

Although the Europeans did not show much respect for native culture, the visitors would not have been able to survive without their assistance.

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