|
撒迦利亚12:10 扎的是谁？ |
|
通过我们前面的关于基督教与犹太教的分歧，大家可以看出一点规律。那就是：“凡是基督教举出的，犹太人就要反对”。我们在讨论诗篇22：16/17节中引用了撒迦利亚12:10的印证。这里我们有必要再详细的讨论一下。
不过首先要更正一个我的笔误，在我的前文《揭穿<为什么犹太人不信耶稣>谎言》 中提到过： “另一处重要的预言（撒迦利亚12:10） 佐证了这处(诗篇22:17) 的“扎”（刺穿）的写法。” 这里可能有误导的成分，需要更正说明。 撒迦利亚12:10 这里的“扎”的希伯来文与诗篇22:17 的词并不是一个词。我所指出的佐证并不是指撒迦利亚12:10 的“扎”的这个词与诗篇22:17的这个词相同而形成佐证。而是指预言相似性的“佐证”。
说到这里，有聪明的读者会猜了。犹太人不会把撒迦利亚12:10 也否认了吧。你说的一点没错。在撒迦利亚12:10这个地方，这个字（daqar）是毫无异议的“刺穿”的意思 。Gerald Sigal证实了这一点。"to pierce" (Zechariah 12:10, Isaiah 13:15) 《FAQ-Crucifixion 》
出处http://www.jewsforjudaism.org/web/faq/faq057.html
然而，另一位反基督教犹太人，就是我们前面所引述的G. Shapiro 是这样回答的： The Reply is:This is a mistranslation. The verse should read "But I will fill the House of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem with a spirit of pity and compassion; they shall lament to Me about those who are slain, wailing over them as over a favorite son and showing bitter grief as over a first-born" (JPS) Notice that the nation (see verse 12), and all of Jerusalem is portrayed as morning greatly, something the New Testement does not say of Jesus. In fact, the New Testament portrays the Jewish people as anything but compassionate and mournfull over Jesus' death.
我们参照几个犹太教译本来看看究竟基督徒有没有“误译”。 当然我们要先看看JPS是怎么写的： 1《JPS1917》-在线版 10 And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplication; and they shall look unto Me because they have thrust him through; and they shall mourn for him, as one mourneth for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for him, as one that is in bitterness for his first-born. 出处http://www.breslov.com/bible/Zechariah12.htm#10
2《A Hebrew - English Bible According to the Masoretic Text and the JPS 1917 Edition》 12：10 And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplication; and they shall look unto Me because they have thrust him through; and they shall mourn for him, as one mourneth for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for him, as one that is in bitterness for his first-born. 出处http://www.mechon-mamre.org/p/pt/pt2312.htm
3《Judaica Press Complete Tanach 》 10. And I will pour out upon the house of David and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and supplications. And they shall look to me because of those who have been thrust through [with swords], and they shall mourn over it as one mourns over an only son and shall be in bitterness, therefore, as one is embittered over a firstborn son. 出处：http://www.chabad.org/library/article.asp?AID=16216&showrashi=true
4《Stone Edition Tanakh》 I will pour out upon the house of David and upon the inhabitant of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and supplications. They will look toward me because of those whom they have stabbed; they will mourn over him as one mourns over an only [child], and be embittered over him like the embitterment over a [deceased] firstborn.
可能有些朋友看了半天也没看出个门道来，我这里就给详细地讲解一下。 第一点，G. Shapiro刻意淡化了“扎”这个词，所以他使用了“slain,”的JPS版本译法。这按阿龙的抠字眼的解经法，肯定是不合格的。在另外的两个在线JPS版本中，翻译成 “thrust him through ”，虽然thrust through是对了，但him又错了。希伯来文这里的写法没有 him ,而是whom/who.
第二点：在这个whom指谁上出现了分歧。 我们简单看一下整句的关键部分 et asher-daqaru אֵת（et）是直接宾语的标记。 אֲשֶׁר （asher）解为that, which, whom ; who ; as regards, in regard to דָּקָר （daqaru）译为to stab, to prick ; (colloquial) to annoy, to irritate, to get someone's goat ， pierced
这里的词译法非常直接，简单的译就是whom they pierced/pricked 。
但在这个whom 是单数还是复数上犹太人自己出现了分歧。 《JPS1917》because they have thrust him through;这里的宾语是 him 《A Hebrew - English Bible According to the Masoretic Text and the JPS 1917 Edition》也是一样。
但《Judaica Press Complete Tanach 》《Stone Edition Tanakh》却将此处处理成 those who / those whom. 这样翻译出来就完全的不同，一个是“扎”了“他”，一个是“扎”了“那些人”。但这四种翻译都避免与前面的“me”联系起来。也就是避免了造成所“扎”对象是耶和华的翻译。
也正因为如此，在这个who/whom指谁的问题上犹太人又出现了不一致。
Rabbi Bentzion Kravitz 认为，这个him 是一个双关的指代，指King Josiah同时指犹太人（总称），但问题出来了。如果这样讲的话，讲的通。但 those whom 的译法就无法成立，因为 those whom 是复数形式可以指代犹太人们，但无法指代King Josiah。
再者，根据犹太人塔姆德的文献，这段经文应该指的是“Messiah the son of Joseph ”。这又与Rabbi Bentzion Kravitz 认为的King Josiah发生了冲突。
参考：http://www.hopeofisrael.net/pierced.htm
从以上的分析我们可以看出来，这个代词究竟指谁犹太人根本就没数，所以当基督徒引此处的预言来描述耶稣被钉的事迹时，犹太人肯定要出来反对。但他们并没有什么真正的“正确答案”来反驳。 |