Study Guide

This is just a study guide for me in AP chemistry.
(Easier than looking in the book ^_^)

Common Elements/Common Ion/Strong Acid/Bases/Solubility Rules/Oxidation # Rules

*All Strong Acids/Bases are soluble in water

Guide 4 Solubility Rules For Ionic Compounds in Water
1. Nitrate (NO₃^-) salts are soluble. 2. Salts of Na⁺, K⁺, and NH₄⁺ are soluble 3. Acetates (C₂H₃O₂^-) are soluble. 4. Chloride salts are soluble. Exceptions: AgCl, PbCl₂, and Hg₂Cl₂. 5. Most sulfate salts are soluble. Exceptions: BaSO₄, PbSO₄, and CaSO₄. 6. Hydroxide salts are slightly soluble. Examples: NaOH, KOH, and Ca(OH)₂. 7. Most sulfide (S^2-), carbonate (CO₃^2-), and phosphate (PO₄^3-) salts are slightly soluble.

Guide 5 Rules For Assigning Oxidation States
1. The oxidation state of an atom in an element is 0. Na(s), O₂(g), and Hg(l) is 0. 2. The oxidation number of a monoatomic ion is the same as its charge. Oxidation number of Na⁺ ion is +1 and Cl^- is -1. 3. In its compounds, fluorine is always assigned an oxidation number of -1. 4. Oxygen is usually assigned an oxidation number of -2 in its covalent compounds (CO, CO₂, SO₄). Exceptions are the peroxides (compounds with the O₂^2-). 5. In its covalent compounds with nonmetals, hydrogens is assigned an oxidation number of +1 (HCl, NH₃, H₂O). 6. The sum of the oxidation numbers myst be zero for an electrically neutral compund. For an ion, the sum of the oxidation numbers must be equal to the charge )The sum of the oxidation numbers for the carbon and oxygen atoms in CO₃^2- is -2).