P

P&I
See Protection and Indemnity ( marine insurance )

P & I. Club Cover
A mutual association formed by shipowners to provide protection from large financial loss to one member by contribution towards that loss by all members. The P. & I. club covers liabilities not insurable in the ordinary marine insurance market and other expenses incurred by the shipowner in the running of his ship, such as cost of defending claims made by cargo owners.

PMA
Pacific Maritime Association.

Package

Packing
Any container or other covering in which goods are packed.

Packing Instruction
Document issued within an enterprise giving instructions on how goods are to be packed.

Packing List
Itemized list of commodities with marks/numbers but no cost values indicated.

Packing Unit
A type of package where a standard quantity of products of a specific product type can be packed and that requires no additional packaging for storage and shipment.

PADAG
Please Authorize Delivery Against Guarantee
A request from the consignee to the shipper to allow the carrier or agent to release cargo against a guarantee, either bank or personal. Made when the consignee is unable to produce original bills of lading.

Pallet
A flat tray, generally made of wood but occasionally of steel, on which goods particularly those in boxes, cartons or bags, can be stacked. Its purpose is to facilitate the movement of such goods, mainly by the use of forklift trucks.

Pallet Convertor
Superstructure which can be applied to a pallet to convert it into either a box or post pallet.

Pallet Rack
A skeleton framework, of fixed or adjustable design, to support a number of individual pallet loads.

Pallet Truck
Pedestrian- or rider-controlled non-stacking lift truck fitted with forks.

Panamax Size
The maximum measurements and dimensions of a vessel capable to pass the Panama Canal.

Parcel
See Package

Parcel Receipt
An arrangement whereby a steamship company, under rules and regulations established in the freight tariff of a given trade, accepts small packages at rates below the minimum bill of lading, and issues a parcel receipt instead of a bill of lading.

Partial Shipments
Under letters of credit, one or more shipments are allowed by the phrase "partial shipments permitted."

Participating Carrier
1. A carrier participating in a tariff and who therefore applies the rates, charges, routing and regulations of the tariff.
2. A carrier over whose air routes one or more sections of carriage under the Air Waybill is undertaken or performed (air cargo).

Particular Average
A fortuitous partial loss to the subject matter insured, proximately caused by an insured peril but which is not a general average loss. Particular average only relates to damage and/or expenses which are exclusively borne by the owners of a vessel which has sustained damage as a result of e.g. heavy weather or by the owners of the cargo, which has been damaged in transit.
See Insurance, Particular Average.

Particular Charge:
An expense incurred by an assured in relation to an insured loss. This can be a means of preventing further loss in transit (eg. sue and labour charges), of assessing loss (eg. a survey fee) or of making good a loss at destination (eg. repacking) sometimes referred to as an "extra charge" when it is the subject of a claim on the policy.

Partition
See Divider

Partnership
An ongoing relationship between two organisations which involves a commitment over an extended time period and a mutual sharing of the risks and rewards of the relationship.

Passenger Ship
A passenger ship that its authorized to carry over twelve passengers.

Payee
A party named in an instrument as the beneficiary of the funds. Under letters of credit, the payee is either the drawer of the draft or a bank.

Payer
A party responsible for the payment as evidenced by the given instrument. Under letters of credit, the payer is the party on whom the draft is drawn, usually the drawee bank.

Payload
The revenue-producing load carried by a means of transport.

Payment
That which discharges a debt.

Payment Against Documents
Instructions given by a seller to a bank to the effect that the buyer may collect the documents necessary to obtain delivery of the goods only upon actual payment of the invoice.

Per Container Rate
Rates and/or changes on shipments transported in containers or trailers and rated on the basis of the category of the container or trailer.

Per Diem
A charge, based on a fixed daily rate.

Percentage of Depreciation:
The proportion of the total value of cargo that is the subject of loss from an insured peril. This percentage is applied to the sum insured by the policy to determine the amount of claim payable.

Perfecting the Sight
Adding necessary details to a Bill of Lading when such had been previously omitted.

Performance Indicator
A variable indicating the effectiveness and/or efficiency of a process. (e.g. Port Performance Indicator)

Performance Measurement
The comparison of the results of business processes with each other or with standards in order to know the effectiveness of these processes and/or the supportive actions.

Perils of the Sea
Those causes of loss for which the carrier is not legally liable. The elemental risks of ocean transport.

Permeability
Ratio expressed as a percentage assumed for the volume of a compartment which can be flooded by water after damage, to the total volume of that compartment; respectively the actual calculated value of that ratio.

Phased Delivery
The delivery of parts of the shipment.

Physical Distribution
Those activities related to the flow of goods from the end
of conversion to the customer.

Physical Distribution Management
The planning execution and control of those activities which are related to the flow of goods from the end of conversion to the customer.

Pick Order
An order to pick certain quantities of goods out of a stock.

Pick Up Service
The carriage of outbound consignments from the point of pick up to the airport of departure (air cargo).

Pick Up and Delivery
A service concerning the collection of cargo from the premises of the consignor and the delivery to the premises of the consignee.

Pick and Pack
Taking goods out of a stock and packing them according to customer conditions.

Picking
Taking products or components out of a stock.

Picking List
A list used to collect items from stores needed to fulfil an order.

Pickup
The act of calling for freight by truck at the consignor's shipping platform.

Pier
The structure perpendicular to the shoreline to which a vessel is secured for the purpose of loading and unloading cargo.
See Quay

Pier-to-House
A shipment loaded into a container at the pier or terminal, thence to the consignee's facility.

Pier-to-Pier
Containers loaded at port of loading and discharged at port of destination.

Piggy Packer
A mobile container-handling crane used to load/unload containers to/from railcars.

Piggyback
The carriage of road vehicles and trailers on railway wagons. Also known as Rail Pigs

Pilferage
Petty stealing of goods from a ship's hold, cargo shed or warehouse.

Pilot
1. Local expert advising a vessel's captain on safe navigation in those areas where the captain is ignorant of local circumstances or where it is obligatory to take a pilot.
2. A person who is qualified to assist the master of a ship to navigate when entering or leaving a port.

Pilotage
The act carried out by a pilot of assisting the master of a ship in navigation when entering or leaving a port. Sometimes used to define the fee payable for the services of a pilot.

Pilotage Dues
A fee payable by the owner or operator of a ship for the services of a pilot. This fee is normally based on the ship's tonnage.

Pilot House
The enclosed space on the navigating bridge from which a ship is controlled when under way.

Pilot In Command
The pilot responsible for the operation and safety of the aircraft during flight time.

Pipeline
1. A line of pipes for conveying liquids and gasses.
2. The physical goods flow from a supplying organisation to a receiving organisation.

Pipeline Inventory
The amount of goods in a pipeline: the sum of loading stock, goods in transit and receiving stock.

Piracy:
An assault on a vessel cargo, crew or passengers at sea by persons owing no allegiance to a recognised flag and acting for personal gain. It also includes acts of rioters who attack a ship from the shore and of passengers who mutiny.

Pivot Weight
Minimum chargeable weight of a Unit Load Device.

Place of Acceptance
See Place of Receipt

Place of Delivery
The location where a consignment (shipment) is delivered to the consignee viz. the place where the carrier's liability ends for the transport venture.

Place of Despatch
Name and address specifying where goods are collected or taken over by the carrier (i.e. if other than consignor).

Place of Receipt
The location where a consignment (shipment) is received by the carrier from the shipper viz. The place where the carrier's liability for transport venture commences.

Placement
The activity of positioning an object or goods in a chosen location or position.

Planning
The setting of goals over a certain time and the determination of how to achieve these goals and with what resource.

Planning Horizon
The period of time to which a certain particular plan relates.

Platform
The area on an airport where aircrafts are parked for embarkation and/or loading and discharging purposes (air cargo).

Platform Body
A truck or trailer without ends, sides or top but with only a floor.

Plimsoll Mark
A series of horizontal lines, corresponding to the seasons of the year and fresh or saltwater, painted on the outside of a ship marking the level which must remain above the surface of the water for the vessel's stability.

POD
1. Port of Discharge.
2. Port of Destination.

Proof of Delivery.
A document required from the carrier or driver for proper payment.

Point of Origin
The place at which a shipment is received by a carrier from the shipper.

Point Value
The point value can be seen as the relative value of an empty container of a certain size type in a depot location. The system serves to quantify the imbalance costs resulting from a full container move and are the result of empty optimisation calculations. Point values are created on forecasted container flows between depot locations. They are calculated taking into account a.o. the forecasted imbalances plus repositioning, storage and container costs for empty moves and expressed in USD.
Note: In the various computer systems point values are used to calculate the imbalance charge or credit for a particular container flow. This charge or credit is the difference in point values between start and end depot location.

Point to Point Transport
See House to House Transport

POL
1. Port of Loading.
2. Petroleum, Oil, and Lubricants.

Policy:
A contract of insurance:

Policy Proof of Interest:
A policy wherein the underwriter agrees to waive proof that an insurable interest is enjoyed by the assured as a condition of claim payment In other policies the underwriter is not liable for any claim where the assured is unable to prove that his interest in the subject matter of the insurance exists at the time of loss. P.P.I. policies are invalid in a court of law, but are not illegal except where no interest exists or where there was no reasonable expectation that it would exist at the time the policy was effected.

Pontoon
A floating flat structure used for work alongside the ship, to facilitate embarkation or disembarkation of persons, or to move cargo alongside.

Pooling
The sharing of equipment or cargo or the profit or loss from freight by member lines of a liner conference. Pooling arrangements do not exist in all conferences.

Poop
Aft part of a vessel where the steering engine is located.

Port
1. Harbour having facilities for vessels to moor and load or discharge.
2. Left side of a vessel when facing towards the front or forward end.
3. Opening in a ship's side for handling freight.

Port of Call
Place where a vessel actually drops anchor or moors during a certain voyage.

Port of Discharge
The port where the cargo is actually discharged (unloaded) from the sea (ocean) going vessel.

Port of Entry
Port where cargo is unloaded and enters a country.

Port of Exit
Place where cargo is loaded and leaves a country.

Port of Loading
The port where the cargo is actually loaded on board the sea (ocean) going vessel.

Portage Bill
A bill giving the statement of wages of each member of the crew at the end of a voyage.

Portal Crane
A type of gantry crane with vertical legs of sufficient height and width to permit vehicles or railroad equipment to pass between the legs.

Portlog
A statement concerning a vessel containing the actual arrival and departure time used tugs, draft, dead-weight, quantity of discharged and loaded goods/containers and any other important particulars.

Positioning
The transport of empty equipment from a depot to shipper's premises or from consignee's premises back to a depot as the empty leg of a carrier haulage transport.

Postal Code
A national code maintained by the Postal Authorities designed to indicate areas and accumulated addresses to facilitate sorting and the delivery of mail and other goods.
Note: The coding system is different in the various countries throughout the world. In the Netherlands the code consists of 4 figures and 2 characters.

Power of Attorney:
A document which empowers one person to act for another.

Practice
That what has become customary as a result of repeated acts.

Pratique Certificate
Lifts temporary quarantine of a vessel; granted pratique by Health Officer.

Pre-cooling
A process employed in the shipment of citrus fruits and other perishable commodities. The fruit is packed and placed in a cold room from which the heat is gradually extracted. The boxes of fruit are packed in containers that have been thoroughly cooled and transported through to destination without opening the doors.

Pre-slinging
The act of placing goods in slings which are left in position and used for loading into and discharging from a conventional vessel.

Pre-Trip Inspection
Abbreviation: PTI
A technical inspection of Reefer containers prior to positioning for stuffing.

Precarriage
The carriage of goods (containers) by any mode of transport from the place of receipt to the port (place) of loading into the ocean vessel (main means of transport).

Precarrier
The carrier by which the goods are moved prior to the main transport.

Prepaid
Freight charges paid by the consignor (shipper) prior to the release of the bills of lading by the carrier.

Preshipment Inspection
Abbreviation: PSI
The checking of goods before shipment for the purpose of determining the quantity and/or quality of said goods by an independent surveyor (inspection company) for phytosanitary, sanitary and veterinary controls. Presently there is a tendency by developing countries to use the inspection also for the purpose of determining whether the price charged for certain goods is correct.

Principal
Person for whom another acts as agent.

Principal Carrier
See Responsible Carrier

Principal Corporate Body
The company that owns the various subsidiary companies or branches acting as customers on their own and is registered as the corporate customer for statistical purposes.

Priority Order
An order which is identified as taking precedence over other orders to ensure its completion in the minimum time.

Private Warehouse
A warehouse operated by the owner of the goods stored there.

Product Carrier
A tanker which is generally below 70,000 deadweight tons and used to carry refined oil products from the refinery to the consumer. In many cases, four different grades of oil can be handled simultaneously.

Pro Forma
A Latin term meaning "For the sake of form."

Pro Forma Invoice
Draft invoice sent to an importer by the exporter prior to order confirmation and shipment to assist in matters relating to obtaining import licences or foreign exchange allocations, or simply to advise the value of a consignment so that letters of credit can be opened.

Pro Rata
A Latin term meaning "In proportion."

Procedure
Steps to be followed in order to comply with a formality, including the timing, format and transmission method for the submission of required information.

Process Mapping
A diagrammatically break down of a supply chain.

Procurement
The activities which ensure the availability of the material and or services in the desired quantity, quality, place and time from the supplier.

Procurement Logistics
Control of the flow of materials up to the manufacturing process.

Product
A result, end items or output from a certain process.

Product Chain
All phases in the transformation- or production process of one product.

Product Life Cycle
The period of time between the introduction date and end date of a product in the market.
Note: Phases are introduction, growth, maturity, saturation, decline & end.

Production
1). The conversion of materials and or assembly of components to manufacture goods, products or services.
2). The total quantity of goods manufactured or to be manufactured in a particular period of time expressed in quantitative or financial terms. (The term manufacturing is often used specifically for physical operations resulting in a product).

Productivity
Relative measure of output of labour hour or machine hour.

Profit Centre
An organisational unit which will be held responsible for its own profits and losses.

Project Cargo
Quantity of goods connected to the same project and often carried on different moments and from various places.

Project Management
Managing a transport project, which involves the design and implementation of logistics solutions including resource planning, costing and profits.

Promissory Note
A note promising to pay a certain person a stated sum on a specified date.

Proof of Delivery
The receipt signed by the consignee upon delivery.

Propane Carrier
A ship designed to carry propane in liquid form. The propane is carried in tanks within the holds; it remains in liquid form by means of pressure and refrigeration. Such ships are also suitable for the carriage of butane.

Proper Shipping Name
A name to be used to describe particular goods on documents and notifications and, if appropriate, on the goods. basis (air cargo).

Protection and Indemnity Club
Abbreviation: P & I club
A mutual association of shipowners who provide protection against liabilities by means of contributions.

Protest
A written declaration by the master and witnessed before a Notary Public.

Protocol
A statement drawn up to attest certain events.

Proximate Cause
The most effective cause of a loss in a chain of events leading to the loss. A basic principle of insurance in that, unless the policy provides otherwise, the underwriter is not liable for any loss that is not proximately caused by an insured peril.

Public Authorities
The agencies or officials in a state responsible for the application and enforcement of the laws and regulations of that state. Source: IMO.

Public Warehouse
A warehouse which is available to all companies and persons who wish to make use of the services offered.

Published Charge
A charge, the amount of which is specifically set forth in the carrier's rates tariff.

Published Rate
See Published Charge

Publishing Agent
Person authorized by transportation lines to publish tariffs or rates, rules, and regulations for their account.

Pulp Temperature
Procedure where carrier tests the temperature of the internal flesh of refrigerated commodities to assure that the temperature at time of shipment conforms to prescribed temperature ranges.

Pup
A short semi-trailer used jointly with a dolly and another semi-trailer to create a twin trailer.

Pull Distribution System
A system to provide warehouses with new stock on request of the warehouse management.

Pump Man
A rating who tends to the pumps of an oil tanker.

Purchase Order
A definite order for one or more deliveries by the supplier to the customer of a specific quantity of goods, materials, services or products under agreed terms of delivery and prices.

Purchase Order Management
Supply chain management to purchase order article level.

Purser
A ship's officer who is in charge of accounts, especially on a passenger ship.

Push Distribution System
A system to provide warehouses with new stock upon decision of the supplier of the goods.