Kingdom: Plantae

 

The plant kingdom consists of 12 divisions (phyla):

 

 

         The Bryophytes (mosses and allies)

              Division:            1.  Bryophyta            (mosses)                External Link

                                      2.  Hepatophyta         (liverworts)         

                                      3.  Anthoceraphyta    (hornworts)           External Link

 

 

         The Pteridophytes (ferns and allies)

               Division:           4.  Pterophyta           (ferns)                  External Link

                                       5.  Sphenophyta        (horsetails)            External Link

                                       6.  Lycopodophyta     (club mosses)

                                       7.  Psilophyta            (whisk ferns)

 

 

          The Spermatophytes (seed-plants)

                Division:          8.  Coniferophyta        (conifers)

                                       9.  Ginkophyta            (single species, Ginko biloba)

                                       10. Cycadophyta          (cycads; palm-like)

                                       11. Gnetophyta            (herb-like cone-bearing plants)

                                       12. Anthophyta            (flowering plants)

 

 

 

 

Division

Characteristics
Bryophyta

      Mosses and allies

  • Non-vascular plant

  • Rely on surrounding moisture for survival

  • Non-flowering plants

  • Reproduce by spores

Hepatophyta
Anthoceraphyta
Pterophyta

 

      Ferns and allies

  • Presence of vascular system

  • Non-flowering plants

  • Reproduce by spores

 
Sphenophyta
Lycopodophyta
Psilophyta
Coniferophyta

      Conifers and allies

  • Presence of vascular system

  • Non-flowering plants

  • Reproduce by seeds

  • Seeds are not covered by an ovary

  • Seed is usually produced inside a cone-like structure; some produce seeds inside a berry-like structure
Ginkophyta
Cycadophyta
Gnetophyta
Anthophyta

       Flowering plants

  • Presence of vascular system

  • Produce flowers

  • Reproduce by seeds

  • Seeds are covered by an ovary

  • After fertilization, ovary swells to become a fruit

 

 

 

Division:    Anthophyta

(click on the above link)

 

 

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