Esei
Phonology
Consonants
Esei has 15 consonants. These markings also serve as the ortography of Esei. They are:
Note that esei doesn't have y as in you. Neither it has h as in hole.
Possible consonant clusters are: pp, tt, kk, mp, nt, ŋk, mm, nn, ŋŋ. More rare ones are rr, ll and ss.
Vowels
Esei has a simple vowel system. As with consonants, these markings serve as the ortography. They are: a, e, i, o and u. They are pronounced as in Italian or Finnish, not like in English.
There are some possible vowel clusters: ai, ei, au, ao, eo and ae.
Pronunciation
All the words are pronounced as they are written. For example word eno is pronounced [eno] not [i:nou]. Read all the words as they are written.
Phonological constraints
There are some phonological constraints. Firstly, you can use only those character clusters listed above. A word can only end in vowel, s or n. The basic structure of a syllabe is (C)+V+(C). Two only-V-syllabes can't be next to each other.
Word endings
Esei has some rules to control the similarity of different word groups.
Nouns have to have some of these endings in nominative case: -ei, -au, -i, -o, -u.
Verbs have to have some of these endings in infinitive: -a, -e.
Adjectives have to have end in -ao or -eo.
Degree variation
Esei has a simple system of degree variaton. If the word is not in its basic form, it will apply to the degree variation. Strong degree is held by these basic forms. If the word is being inflected, it will take the weak degree.
Strong degree |
Weak degree |
mp |
mm |
nt |
nn |
ŋk |
ŋŋ |
pp |
p |
tt |
t |
kk |
k |
p |
v |
Grammar
Syntax
Basic sentence order is following:
(question) + subject + (attributes) + predicate + (adverbial modifiers) + object + (attributes)
Attributes include: adjectives, owners (genitives)
Adverbial modifiers include: place, time, way, dative, complement
Word order
As it has been seen the word order is headword + modifiers. So for example in English you say "my car", in Esei you say "car my" instead. Also in English you say "beautiful girl", in Esei you say "girl beautiful".
Articles
There are no articles. It is shown in the context if the object is already known or not.
Conjugating
Here is a list whether the word should conjugate or not.
Conjucating the verb
Here are tables of conjugating both -a-ending and -e-ending verbs.
"hunt" |
|||
infinitive/imperative |
kada / kade |
||
present tense |
imperfect tense |
future tense |
|
1st person |
kadaeni |
kadaini |
kadani |
2nd person |
kadaen |
kadain |
kadan |
3rd person |
kadaena |
kadaina |
kadana |
"eat" |
|||
infinitive/imperative |
lade / lade |
||
present tense |
imperfect tense |
future tense |
|
1st person |
ladeni |
ladeini |
ladani |
2nd person |
laden |
ladein |
ladan |
3rd person |
ladena |
ladeina |
ladana |
Declinating nouns and pronouns
Here are tables of conjugating both -i-ending and -u-ending nouns. Note the degree variation of word friend.
"friend" |
||
singular |
plural |
|
nominative |
wapi |
wavin |
genitive |
wavis |
wavisin |
accusative |
wavivu |
wavivun |
dative |
waviza |
wavisan |
"food" |
||
singular |
plural |
|
nominative |
dalau |
dalaun |
genitive |
dalaus |
dalausin |
accusative |
dalavu |
dalavun |
dative |
dalauza |
dalauzan |