'The Movies Are':
Carl Sandburg's Film Reviews and
Essays, 1920-1928
edited by Arnie Bernstein
Lake Claremont Press
This looks like a new book worth reading.
"'The Movies Are': Carl Sandburg's Film Reviews and Essays, 1920-1928,"
was edited by Chicago film historian Arnie Bernstein and has an introduction
by Roger Ebert. This book compiles hundreds of (the writer, poet, biographer
and winner of two Pulitzer prizes),Sandburg's writings on film which he
wrote when a respected film critic for the Chicago Daily News. The criticisms
include, along with the reviews for some of Keaton's shorts and features
extracted below, critiques for Greed, The Gold Rush, The Thief of Bagdad,
Nanook of the North, The Sheik, Little Lord Faunterloy, The Cabinet of
Dr. Caligari, Safety Last, and the lost film (which is probably best kept
mislaid if those who have seen it are to be believed), Lon Chaney's London
After Midnight. There are also interviews with personalities like Charlie
Chaplin, Tom Mix, Josef von Sternberg, theater director Constantin Stanislavsky,
and writer George Bernard Shaw; and included is Sandburg's earliest published
essays of Abraham Lincoln -- which he wrote for his film column. Having
now read Sandburg's review of Neighbors, I fine myself needing to
watch it again to see exactly what I missed!
Arnie Bernstein, holds a B.A. in Film Studies/Theater
from Southern Illinois University and an M.A. in Creative Writing from
Columbia College -Chicago. He has contributed to numerous film anthologies,
historical encyclopedias and CD-ROMs. Warner Brothers Television selected
Arnie to participate in their Midwest Comedy Writers Workshop. Additionally,
his fiction was honored with agrant from the Puffin Foundation. A Chicago
native and member of the National Writers Union, Arnie has taught writing,
literature and theater at several area colleges.
Each review is prefaced by a nugget of
the film's history and a comment of the review by Bernstein, which helps
put it into context with the times, something often forgotten. Sandburg's
newspaper column writing style is also of the period and today's readers
may find it awkward. But these are original reviews, written in the 1920s
and as such are typical, this also makes them well worth reading as, I
am sure you'll find, are the other reviews in this book.
Neighbors
The cautionary note at the end of this
piece was unusual for a Sandburg review. As it is, Neighbors is
a good two-reeler, packed with sight gags and amazing demonstrations of
Keaton’s gift for over-the-top physical comedy.
--by Arnie Bernstein
Neighbors
Friday, January 14, 1921
by Carl Sandburg
Buster Keaton is on the map considerable
these days. With him life is the making of one knockabout comedy after
another. While Charlie Chaplin is taking it slow and easy and making sure
that he is not going to have a public overfed with Chaplin stunts, the
managers of Buster Keaton are taking him through many ropes.
No sooner does he fall off one roof than
he is called on to fall off another. The latest Buster Keaton comedy is
titled Neighbors. As B. K. comedies go, this is the
goods, a little better than some, not
so good as others of the many in which he has appeared in recent months.
There are two or three spots in Neighbors
which were done in a big hurry. They go a little beyond what is raw and
vulgar. They wouldn’t classify strictly as indecent, perhaps. But they
would go better before an audience of men only.
It will be recalled that this reviewer
has spoken several times of photoplays where the sign was up “Adults Only,”
and it has been noted that there was no necessity
for the sign at all because the play dealt
with rather inoffensive things that would not bother any ordinary rush
hour straphanger.
However, there is stuff pulled in the Buster
Keaton comedy Neighbors which, it is certain, some theater managers
would prefer to have cut out because in the operation of a clean neighborhood
theater there are certain queries and objections the manager would rather
not have coming to his ears.
One can readily understand how in the
high heat of the horseplay that accompanies a Buster Keaton comedy the
actors and director might be swept along, thinking anything goes. |
The Boat
At the time of The Boat’s production,
Buster Keaton was married to Natalie
Talmadge, sister of Norma and Constance
Talmadge. Norma Talmadge was
married to Keaton’s producer, Joseph Schenck,
hence Sandburg’s reference to the multilayered familial/film relations.
Dr. George Washington Crile, whom Sandburg cites here, performed both the
first successful thyroid operation and direct blood transfusion.
Considering Keaton’s legacy as a mechanically adaptive comic filmmaker,
the quote Sandburg chose is particularly apropos.
--by Arnie Bernstein
The Boat
Monday, January 9, 1922
by Carl Sandburg
Buster Keaton has done his best comedy
in The Boat. It is a bird of a film taken from various angles.
It is so excellent a comedy one need not
hesitate about saying if Joseph Schenck and the promoters and counselors
of young Keaton would allow the lad to take his own time at making comedies,
and not be always making them against a set release date, then young Keaton
might have a chance to pass over the line that divides the mountebank knockabout
entertainer on the one hand and the big artist doing his best work leisurely
and deliberately on the other hand.
The suggestion is entirely valid because
of the facts that America has plenty of enterprising, sagacious managerial
talent on the order of Joseph Schenck while there is all too little in
the screen world containing the possibilities of Buster Keaton.
The boat in The Boat is impossible
in its building and launching. But there comes a time when the boat is
being churned on the high seas, when it rolls over, fills with water, and
the comic bath tub life boats have to be let down, rising to that moment
of comedy when the laughter subsides because the story interest, the ingenuity
and quick surprises lift the piece into first-rate comedy.
The Boat is the first to come from
Buster since he married Natalie Talmadge. Up to date the marriage is justified
by the Keaton output. And we shall await Natalie’s next, wondering whether
double-barness has given her a similar impetus. And we hope, inasmuch as
this is a family affair, Joseph Schenck being the husband of Norma Talmadge,
that Mr. Schenck will not rush young Keaton so much on his releases. However,
if Mr. Schenck can’t do that much for Mrs. Schenck herself, it is not likely
he will do it for Mrs. Schenck’s sister’s husband. Moreover, as the scientist
Crile has it, “Man is an adaptive mechanism,” and Mr. Schenck is offered
this earful for what it is worth. |
The Three Ages
Buster Keaton’s first feature-length picture
was actually three two-reelers linked by the common theme of love through
the ages. Loosely structured after D. W.
Griffith’s Intolerance (1916), a four-part
exploration of intolerance in history,
Keaton and Wallace Beery played romantic
rivals in all three segments of The Three Ages. The film is notable
as one of the first features to incorporate live action with animation.
Keaton’s entrance in the first segment, as a caveman riding on a dinosaur,
was created as an in-camera special effect. First the comic actor was photographed
against a white background on the upper portion of the film frame. The
film was then rewound in the camera and an animated dinosaur was added
beneath Keaton.
--by Arnie Bernstein
The Three Ages
Wednesday, November 14, 1923
by Carl Sandburg
In the history of the world there are three
ages of importance, the stone age, the
Roman age and the modern age. So we are
told in the newest Buster Keaton release entitled The Three Ages,
at McVicker’s Theater this week, in which the frozen-faced comedian is
to be seen for the first time in a six-reel, regular one hour picture.
In his six-reel pictures it seems that
Buster Keaton is going to stick to the game rule and principle he has ever
employed in the two and three-reel pictures, namely that he will continue
to refuse to let his face reveal any semblance of a smile or mirth of any
sort or ilk.
Taking his cue from the more serious pictures,
on which this is a burlesque, the
opening reel has a book with a title shown,
and the cover is opened as though
we are all anxious to read the book, and
then two or three pages of reading come along, as though we were going
to settle down to a lesson in history and instruction with regard to how
civilization rose out of the dark days of savagery.
Well, when the picture starts we are in
the stone age; stones are piled all around; stone mountains and boulders.
A young woman attired in wildcat skins is combing her hair and flaunting
her tresses to the breezes, though we observe that she has a permanent
marcel wave that must have set her back a day’s pay at the Hotel Alexandria.
Suitors appear for the hand of the maiden. The father tests them with a
club. The one who goes under can’t have her. In this notable scene Wallace
Beery and Buster Keaton are the competitors. Buster loses.
In Rome again we see the same struggle
for a woman wearing a permanent
wave. And again in the modern age it is
the same. Two men want the same woman. And the strongest gets her — but
in the modern age strength is not the same kind of strength as in the stone
and the Roman ages.
The star players, as some people will
figure it, are the mammoth and the dinosaur. |
Seven Chances
Based on a musty comic stage play, Seven
Chances was remade in 1999 as The
Bachelor, starring Chris O’Donnell. This
film’s best known sequence, with Keaton
running downhill in the midst of an avalanche,
was added after Seven Chances
was completed. Keaton noticed audiences
were laughing at a scene where his
character, pursued by a throng of scorned
women, had to dodge three medium-sized rocks rolling downhill after him.
Realizing there was bigger comedy to be had, Keaton reshot the scene using
1,500 rocks ranging from bowling ball size to enormous boulders.11 The
new scene worked and remains a classic in the Keaton oeuvre.
--by Arnie Bernstein
Seven Chances
Thursday, April 16, 1925
by Carl Sandburg
Buster Keaton steps out this week at McVicker’s
Theater in a film that runs seven reels in length and is the most pretentious
offering he has made in the movies. We have often heard audiences laugh
at the productions of this frozen-faced comedian, but in the case of this
one the laughter is noisier and more booming.
T. Roy Barnes, Snitz Edwards and Ruth
Dwyer are seen in worthy support.
The story is not so new, but they have
certainly put new wrinkles, ruffles and curly queues on an old-timer. It
is a case where two young businessmen are hard up for cash to meet outstanding
obligations, they must have money or go to the wall. Along comes a lawyer
reading them a will and one of them falls heir to $7 million — provided
he shall marry before seven o’clock on the evening of his 27th birthday
— that very day, in fact.
Naturally he goes to the Mary Jones with
whom he has been keeping company, but, being bashful, to whom he has never
proposed. He tells her in his stumbling way he wants her to marry him that
day because some girl must marry him or he will lose $7 million. She tells
him to take his hat and go and she hopes she will never see him again.
It is published in the papers that he
must have a bride by seven o’clock or lose the $7 million. Thousands of
prospective brides move to find him, traveling by any and all ways of travel.
And, as expected, not until the final flickers of the final reel do we
learn who it is that he actually does marry and whether she is the kind
of bride he wished for.
The direction of the picture was mostly
by Buster Keaton himself. Several new sprightly stunts in motion picture
narrative are introduced. It is a Metro-Goldwyn production. |
Go West
Buster Keaton’s co-star in Go West
was a cow billed as “Brown Eyes.” In order
to achieve comic chemistry between human
and animal, Keaton personally trained the bovine performer. During the
shooting of Go West, production ground to a halt for two weeks
when Brown Eyes went into heat.
--by Arnie Bernstein
Go West
Thursday, December 17, 1925
by Carl Sandburg
It seems rather silly to say that any screen
comedy will leave unforgettable
impressions on you — but that seems exactly
what Buster Keaton’s Go West is
likely to do at McVicker’s Theater this
week. Although the theater at times is explosive with hearty guffaws, Go
West may not be the funniest thing that sour-faced Buster has ever
done, but it is by far the most enjoyable bit of humor this writer has
seen from the Keaton fun factory. This comedian comes close to the Chaplinesque
in his serious comedy. Buster is one of the few comedians of the screen
at whom you can laugh without feeling a bit ridiculous yourself.
Go West is a burlesque or parody
or some kind of a takeoff on the melodrama of the “wide open spaces.” Buster
hit upon a stroke of originality that comes near to robbing him of the
picture’s starring honors. The “stroke” is Brown Eyes, a cow! Who would
think of cow-starring with a bovine leading lady—except Buster?
If you are burdened down with the pre-holiday
shopping worries, if you haven’t yet
got into the traditional Christmas spirit,
amble over to McVicker’s and let Buster jolly you into the proper mood.
And what Buster fails to do, Paul Ash’s gang, guided by George Givot, will
accomplish for you with their lively musical program. |
The General
Buster Keaton’s The General is
one of the few genuine masterpieces in all cinema. Consistently cited by
critics, scholars, and film buffs worldwide for its sleek story-telling
and epic qualities, The General was also Keaton’s personal favorite
among all his films. Yet in its time The General received mixed
reviews and performed poorly at the box office. Ironically, Keaton’s greatest
artistic achievement led in part to his downfall as a leader in the motion
picture industry. In 1956, shortly before Keaton’s renewed popularity of
the 1960s, The General was remade by Disney as The Great Locomotive
Chase with studio stalwart Fess Parker.
--by Arnie Bernstein
The General
Tuesday, January 18, 1927
by Carl Sandburg
If they’ll put Buster Keaton at the head
of the armies next time there’s a war his
maneuvers will bring that war to a pleasant,
painless and prompt conclusion, because the belligerents will simply die
laughing.
At least that is the impression one gets
viewing him in The General, a Joseph M.
Schenck production, directed by Buster
Keaton and Clyde Bruckman, the star’s
first feature for United Artists, and
now having its first Chicago showing at the
Orpheum Theater.
The General, we are told, is based
upon historical fact and treats in a lighter vein an incident during the
Civil War known as “the Andrews railroad raid,” which occurred in the spring
of 1862 when a band of Union soldiers invaded Confederate territory and
captured “The General,” one of the south’s crack railroad engines. Buster
plays the part of Johnnie Gray, the young railroad engineer who piloted
“The General,” and Marion Mack is Annabelle Lee, his sweetheart, upon whom
Johnnie is calling when war is proclaimed. Annabelle’s father and brother
hasten to enlist, but because his sweetheart expects it of him Johnnie
gets there first in true Keatonesque style.
Rejected because authorities consider
him of greater value in the engine cab than in the ranks, Johnnie finds
himself scorned by sweetheart and friends as a slacker until the northerners
take it into their heads to steal “The General” and cut off the Confederate
army from its source of supplies.
Annabelle Lee happens to be in the baggage
car when the raid takes place and is
carried off into the enemy country — Johnnie
in hot pursuit — neither of glory nor his sweetheart, but of his beloved
engine. How this pursuit covers him with honor; jumps him into the rank
of commissioned officer and throws him into the arms of his adored one
must be seen to be appreciated.
The play is chockfull of hilarity, pathos
and thrills, such as when Johnnie chases
himself with a loaded cannon; attempts
to burn down a bridge and gets on the
wrong side of the fire; shoots a cannon
into the air and with fool’s luck hits the
dam that floods the river and puts the
enemy to rout. And if any young “modern” thinks short skirts and knickers
an attribute to agility, let her behold the acrobatics of Marion Mack in
hoopskirt and lace beruffled pantalets.
Others in the cast are Glen Cavender as
Capt. Anderson; Jim Farley, Gen.
Thatcher; Frederick Vroom, a southern
general; Charles Smith and Frank Barnes as Annabelle’s father and brother;
Joe Keaton, Mike Donlin and Tom Nawn as three Union officers, plus thousands
of extras.
If you want a good laugh, don’t miss The
General. |
The
Lake Claremont Press website detailing the book
The ISBN for 'The Movies Are': Carl Sandburg's
Film Reviews and Essays, 1920-1928 is 1-893121-05-4. It is softcover, 6"
x 9" with 397 pages, 71 historic photos and artifacts, endnotes, bibliography,
and index, price $17.95
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