'The Movies Are': 
Carl Sandburg's Film Reviews and Essays, 1920-1928
edited by Arnie Bernstein
Lake Claremont Press

This looks like a new book worth reading. "'The Movies Are': Carl Sandburg's Film Reviews and Essays, 1920-1928," was edited by Chicago film historian Arnie Bernstein and has an introduction by Roger Ebert. This book compiles hundreds of (the writer, poet, biographer and winner of two Pulitzer prizes),Sandburg's writings on film which he wrote when a respected film critic for the Chicago Daily News. The criticisms include, along with the reviews for some of Keaton's shorts and features extracted below, critiques for Greed, The Gold Rush, The Thief of Bagdad, Nanook of the North, The Sheik, Little Lord Faunterloy, The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, Safety Last, and the lost film (which is probably best kept mislaid if those who have seen it are to be believed), Lon Chaney's London After Midnight. There are also interviews with personalities like Charlie Chaplin, Tom Mix, Josef von Sternberg, theater director Constantin Stanislavsky, and writer George Bernard Shaw; and included is Sandburg's earliest published essays of Abraham Lincoln -- which he wrote for his film column. Having now read Sandburg's review of Neighbors, I fine myself needing to watch it again to see exactly what I missed! 

Arnie Bernstein, holds a B.A. in Film Studies/Theater from Southern Illinois University and an M.A. in Creative Writing from Columbia College -Chicago. He has contributed to numerous film anthologies, historical encyclopedias and CD-ROMs. Warner Brothers Television selected Arnie to participate in their Midwest Comedy Writers Workshop. Additionally, his fiction was honored with agrant from the Puffin Foundation. A Chicago native and member of the National Writers Union, Arnie has taught writing, literature and theater at several area colleges.  

Each review is prefaced by a nugget of the film's history and a comment of the review by Bernstein, which helps put it into context with the times, something often forgotten. Sandburg's newspaper column writing style is also of the period and today's readers may find it awkward. But these are original reviews, written in the 1920s and as such are typical, this also makes them well worth reading as, I am sure you'll find, are the other reviews in this book.  

 

Neighbors 
  
The cautionary note at the end of this piece was unusual for a Sandburg review. As it is, Neighbors is a good two-reeler, packed with sight gags and amazing demonstrations of Keaton’s gift for over-the-top physical comedy.  
--by Arnie Bernstein 

Neighbors  
Friday, January 14, 1921  
by Carl Sandburg 

Buster Keaton is on the map considerable these days. With him life is the making of one knockabout comedy after another. While Charlie Chaplin is taking it slow and easy and making sure that he is not going to have a public overfed with Chaplin stunts, the managers of Buster Keaton are taking him through many ropes.  

No sooner does he fall off one roof than he is called on to fall off another. The latest Buster Keaton comedy is titled Neighbors. As B. K. comedies go, this is the  
goods, a little better than some, not so good as others of the many in which he has appeared in recent months.  

There are two or three spots in Neighbors which were done in a big hurry. They go a little beyond what is raw and vulgar. They wouldn’t classify strictly as indecent, perhaps. But they would go better before an audience of men only.  

It will be recalled that this reviewer has spoken several times of photoplays where the sign was up “Adults Only,” and it has been noted that there was no necessity  
for the sign at all because the play dealt with rather inoffensive things that would not bother any ordinary rush hour straphanger.  

However, there is stuff pulled in the Buster Keaton comedy Neighbors which, it is certain, some theater managers would prefer to have cut out because in the operation of a clean neighborhood theater there are certain queries and objections the manager would rather not have coming to his ears.  
  
One can readily understand how in the high heat of the horseplay that accompanies a Buster Keaton comedy the actors and director might be swept along, thinking anything goes.  

  
 
 
The Boat 
  
At the time of  The Boat’s production, Buster Keaton was married to Natalie  
Talmadge, sister of Norma and Constance Talmadge. Norma Talmadge was  
married to Keaton’s producer, Joseph Schenck, hence Sandburg’s reference to the multilayered familial/film relations. Dr. George Washington Crile, whom Sandburg cites here, performed both the first successful thyroid operation and  direct blood transfusion. Considering Keaton’s legacy as a mechanically adaptive comic filmmaker, the quote Sandburg chose is particularly apropos.  
--by Arnie Bernstein 

The Boat  
Monday, January 9, 1922  
by Carl Sandburg 

Buster Keaton has done his best comedy in The Boat. It is a bird of a film taken from various angles.  

It is so excellent a comedy one need not hesitate about saying if Joseph Schenck and the promoters and counselors of young Keaton would allow the lad to take his own time at making comedies, and not be always making them against a set release date, then young Keaton might have a chance to pass over the line that divides the mountebank knockabout entertainer on the one hand and the big artist doing his best work leisurely and deliberately on the other hand.  

The suggestion is entirely valid because of the facts that America has plenty of enterprising, sagacious managerial talent on the order of Joseph Schenck while there is all too little in the screen world containing the possibilities of Buster Keaton.  
  
The boat in The Boat is impossible in its building and launching. But there comes a time when the boat is being churned on the high seas, when it rolls over, fills with water, and the comic bath tub life boats have to be let down, rising to that moment of comedy when the laughter subsides because the story interest, the ingenuity and quick surprises lift the piece into first-rate comedy.  
  
The Boat is the first to come from Buster since he married Natalie Talmadge. Up to date the marriage is justified by the Keaton output. And we shall await Natalie’s next, wondering whether double-barness has given her a similar impetus. And we hope, inasmuch as this is a family affair, Joseph Schenck being the husband of Norma Talmadge, that Mr. Schenck will not rush young Keaton so much on his releases. However, if Mr. Schenck can’t do that much for Mrs. Schenck herself, it is not likely he will do it for Mrs. Schenck’s sister’s husband. Moreover, as the scientist Crile has it, “Man is an adaptive mechanism,” and Mr. Schenck is offered this earful for what it is worth. 

  
 
 

The Three Ages 
  
Buster Keaton’s first feature-length picture was actually three two-reelers linked by the common theme of love through the ages. Loosely structured after D. W.  
Griffith’s Intolerance (1916), a four-part exploration of intolerance in history,  
Keaton and Wallace Beery played romantic rivals in all three segments of  The Three Ages. The film is notable as one of the first features to incorporate live action with animation. Keaton’s entrance in the first segment, as a caveman riding on a dinosaur, was created as an in-camera special effect. First the comic actor was photographed against a white background on the upper portion of the film frame. The film was then rewound in the camera and an animated dinosaur was added beneath Keaton. 
--by Arnie Bernstein  

The Three Ages  
Wednesday, November 14, 1923  
by Carl Sandburg 

In the history of the world there are three ages of importance, the stone age, the  
Roman age and the modern age. So we are told in the newest Buster Keaton release entitled The Three Ages, at McVicker’s Theater this week, in which the frozen-faced comedian is to be seen for the first time in a six-reel, regular one hour picture.  
  
In his six-reel pictures it seems that Buster Keaton is going to stick to the game rule and principle he has ever employed in the two and three-reel pictures, namely that he will continue to refuse to let his face reveal any semblance of a smile or mirth of any sort or ilk.  
  
Taking his cue from the more serious pictures, on which this is a burlesque, the  
opening reel has a book with a title shown, and the cover is opened as though  
we are all anxious to read the book, and then two or three pages of reading come along, as though we were going to settle down to a lesson in history and instruction with regard to how civilization rose out of the dark days of savagery.  
  
Well, when the picture starts we are in the stone age; stones are piled all around; stone mountains and boulders. A young woman attired in wildcat skins is combing her hair and flaunting her tresses to the breezes, though we observe that she has a permanent marcel wave that must have set her back a day’s pay at the Hotel Alexandria. Suitors appear for the hand of the maiden. The father tests them with a club. The one who goes under can’t have her. In this notable scene Wallace Beery and Buster Keaton are the competitors. Buster loses.  
  
In Rome again we see the same struggle for a woman wearing a permanent  
wave. And again in the modern age it is the same. Two men want the same woman. And the strongest gets her — but in the modern age strength is not the same kind of strength as in the stone and the Roman ages.  
  
The star players, as some people will figure it, are the mammoth and the dinosaur. 

  
 

Seven Chances 
  
Based on a musty comic stage play, Seven Chances was remade in 1999 as The  
Bachelor, starring Chris O’Donnell. This film’s best known sequence, with Keaton  
running downhill in the midst of an avalanche, was added after Seven Chances  
was completed. Keaton noticed audiences were laughing at a scene where his  
character, pursued by a throng of scorned women, had to dodge three medium-sized rocks rolling downhill after him. Realizing there was bigger comedy to be had, Keaton reshot the scene using 1,500 rocks ranging from bowling ball size to enormous boulders.11 The new scene worked and remains a classic in the Keaton oeuvre.  
--by Arnie Bernstein 
  
Seven Chances 
Thursday, April 16, 1925  
by Carl Sandburg 

Buster Keaton steps out this week at McVicker’s Theater in a film that runs seven reels in length and is the most pretentious offering he has made in the movies. We have often heard audiences laugh at the productions of this frozen-faced comedian, but in the case of this one the laughter is noisier and more booming.  
  
T. Roy Barnes, Snitz Edwards and Ruth Dwyer are seen in worthy support.  
  
The story is not so new, but they have certainly put new wrinkles, ruffles and curly queues on an old-timer. It is a case where two young businessmen are hard up for cash to meet outstanding obligations, they must have money or go to the wall. Along comes a lawyer reading them a will and one of them falls heir to $7 million — provided he shall marry before seven o’clock on the evening of his 27th birthday — that very day, in fact.  
  
Naturally he goes to the Mary Jones with whom he has been keeping company, but, being bashful, to whom he has never proposed. He tells her in his stumbling way he wants her to marry him that day because some girl must marry him or he will lose $7 million. She tells him to take his hat and go and she hopes she will never see him again.  
  
It is published in the papers that he must have a bride by seven o’clock or lose the $7 million. Thousands of prospective brides move to find him, traveling by any and all ways of travel. And, as expected, not until the final flickers of the final reel do we learn who it is that he actually does marry and whether she is the kind of bride he wished for.  
  
The direction of the picture was mostly by Buster Keaton himself. Several new sprightly stunts in motion picture narrative are introduced. It is a Metro-Goldwyn production.  

  
 

Go West 
  
Buster Keaton’s co-star in Go West was a cow billed as “Brown Eyes.” In order  
to achieve comic chemistry between human and animal, Keaton personally trained the bovine performer. During the shooting of  Go West, production ground to a halt for two weeks when Brown Eyes went into heat. 
--by Arnie Bernstein 
  
Go West 
Thursday, December 17, 1925  
by Carl Sandburg 

It seems rather silly to say that any screen comedy will leave unforgettable  
impressions on you — but that seems exactly what Buster Keaton’s Go West is  
likely to do at McVicker’s Theater this week. Although the theater at times is explosive with hearty guffaws, Go West may not be the funniest thing that sour-faced Buster has ever done, but it is by far the most enjoyable bit of humor this writer has seen from the Keaton fun factory. This comedian comes close to the Chaplinesque in his serious comedy. Buster is one of the few comedians of the screen at whom you can laugh without feeling a bit ridiculous yourself.  

Go West is a burlesque or parody or some kind of a takeoff on the melodrama of the “wide open spaces.” Buster hit upon a stroke of originality that comes near to robbing him of the picture’s starring honors. The “stroke” is Brown Eyes, a cow! Who would think of cow-starring with a bovine leading lady—except Buster?  
  
If you are burdened down with the pre-holiday shopping worries, if you haven’t yet  
got into the traditional Christmas spirit, amble over to McVicker’s and let Buster jolly you into the proper mood. And what Buster fails to do, Paul Ash’s gang, guided by George Givot, will accomplish for you with their lively musical program.  

 
 

The General 
  
Buster Keaton’s The General is one of the few genuine masterpieces in all cinema. Consistently cited by critics, scholars, and film buffs worldwide for its sleek story-telling and epic qualities, The General was also Keaton’s personal favorite among all his films. Yet in its time The General received mixed reviews and performed poorly at the box office. Ironically, Keaton’s greatest artistic achievement led in part to his downfall as a leader in the motion picture industry. In 1956, shortly before Keaton’s renewed popularity of the 1960s, The General was remade by Disney as The Great Locomotive Chase with studio stalwart Fess Parker.  
--by Arnie Bernstein 

The General  
Tuesday, January 18, 1927  
by Carl Sandburg 

If they’ll put Buster Keaton at the head of the armies next time there’s a war his  
maneuvers will bring that war to a pleasant, painless and prompt conclusion, because the belligerents will simply die laughing.  
  
At least that is the impression one gets viewing him in The General, a Joseph M.  
Schenck production, directed by Buster Keaton and Clyde Bruckman, the star’s  
first feature for United Artists, and now having its first Chicago showing at the  
Orpheum Theater.  

The General, we are told, is based upon historical fact and treats in a lighter vein an incident during the Civil War known as “the Andrews railroad raid,” which occurred in the spring of 1862 when a band of Union soldiers invaded Confederate territory and captured “The General,” one of the south’s crack railroad engines. Buster plays the part of Johnnie Gray, the young railroad engineer who piloted “The General,” and Marion Mack is Annabelle Lee, his sweetheart, upon whom Johnnie is calling when war is proclaimed. Annabelle’s father and brother hasten to enlist, but because his sweetheart expects it of him Johnnie gets there first in true Keatonesque style.  
  
Rejected because authorities consider him of greater value in the engine cab than in the ranks, Johnnie finds himself scorned by sweetheart and friends as a slacker until the northerners take it into their heads to steal “The General” and cut off the Confederate army from its source of supplies.  
  
Annabelle Lee happens to be in the baggage car when the raid takes place and is  
carried off into the enemy country — Johnnie in hot pursuit — neither of glory nor his sweetheart, but of his beloved engine. How this pursuit covers him with honor; jumps him into the rank of commissioned officer and throws him into the arms of his adored one must be seen to be appreciated.  
  
The play is chockfull of hilarity, pathos and thrills, such as when Johnnie chases  
himself with a loaded cannon; attempts to burn down a bridge and gets on the  
wrong side of the fire; shoots a cannon into the air and with fool’s luck hits the  
dam that floods the river and puts the enemy to rout. And if any young “modern” thinks short skirts and knickers an attribute to agility, let her behold the acrobatics of Marion Mack in hoopskirt and lace beruffled pantalets.  
  
Others in the cast are Glen Cavender as Capt. Anderson; Jim Farley, Gen.  
Thatcher; Frederick Vroom, a southern general; Charles Smith and Frank Barnes as Annabelle’s father and brother; Joe Keaton, Mike Donlin and Tom Nawn as three Union officers, plus thousands of extras.  
  
If you want a good laugh, don’t miss The General.  

 
The Lake Claremont Press website detailing the book 
The ISBN for 'The Movies Are': Carl Sandburg's Film Reviews and Essays, 1920-1928 is 1-893121-05-4. It is softcover, 6" x 9" with 397 pages, 71 historic photos and artifacts, endnotes, bibliography, and index, price $17.95 
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