---

Notes

2 The term "community interpreting" is being replaced by the term "liaison interpreting" e.g. in Australia and South Africa (where "liaison interpreter" has been named "skakeltolk" in Afrikaans). The Finnish term is "asioimistulkki" = "errand interpreter". The newly coined UK term "public service interpreter" seems to refer to the same concept as the Swedish "kontakttolk."

3 Sweden is finally about to recognise Finnish, Romani and Sámi as minority languages. This means that e.g. Finnish will acquire a regional official status in Northernmost Sweden. Up until now, Sweden has had no "official" minority languages.

4 Neustupny (1970:39, cited in Haugen (1990:51-52) claims that the word cultivation is widely used in many European countries to describe the work of academies and language planning authorities. According to Haugen, the word cultivation has more élitist connotations, and is not an established or neutral word in English in connection with language.

5 This section is based mainly on Benhamida 1989:39-76.

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