Euploea crameri bremeri (Spotted Black Crow) 

The Spotted Black CrowThis predominantly black Danainae is relatively more common in Singapore than in Malaysia. It can be found gliding nonchalantly amongst tree tops in the nature reserves, as it is distasteful to birds.

The wings are almost unmarked except for the marginal and submarginal series of white spots. The male of this species extrudes a pair of yellow hair pencils from its abdomen when alarmed, presumably to startle would-be attackers. The caterpillar is known to feed on Parsonsia helicandra, a jungle creeper. However, it is likely that there are alternative host plants that the caterpillar also feeds upon.
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