There are two or more separate pages in each evaluation. Click on the link at the end of each page to go to the next page. You may use your textbook to answer the questions.
You are to use a Scantron Form 882-E to submit your answers. Be sure to include the course number, date, and EVALUATION NUMBER.
EVALUATION ONE: CHAPTERS 1, 2, 3, 4
1. The phrase “developmentally appropriate practice” means A) practices based on theories of development B) actively matching activities to the developmental level of each child C) conditioning children to behave in developmentally appropriate ways D) emphasizing the independence and autonomy of each child
2. Early childhood is defined by the National Association for the Education for Young Children (NAEYC) as A) The preschool period B) The period from birth to age 6 C) The period from birth to age 8 D) The period from birth to age 10
Two dads are arguing about how to help their 3 year old children understand that hitting people is wrong. Jorge says, “You have to give children immediate consequences for hitting. When you punish them right away, children will learn that hitting is wrong.” Brad says, “You can’t teach children this age how someone else feels. You have to wait until kids get old enough to understand that other people feel the same way.”
3. Jorge’s explanation best matches which perspective on children’s cognition and learning? A) Behaviorist B) Constructivist C) Maturationist D) None of the above theories would match this approach.
4. Brad’s explanation best matches which perspective on children’s cognition and learning? A) Behaviorist B) Constructivist C) Maturationist D) None of the above theories would match this approach
5. For several years, John has had a security blanket which he carries everywhere. When John starts preschool, the other kids make fun of his blanket. After a few weeks, John stops carrying the blanket so the other kids won’t make fun of him anymore. This is an example of: A) operant conditioning B) classical conditioning C) the zone of proximal development D) centration
6. The strategy of “time outs,” in which children are asked to leave an activity or group until they stop misbehaving, assumes that children find isolation aversive. The idea that children will behave in positive ways to avoid isolation is best described as A) Positive reinforcement B) Negative reinforcement C) Punishment D) Classical conditioning
7. The Smiths are very worried because their daughter, Rachel, has been hitting other children in her playgroup. The Smiths go to see a psychotherapist with a Behaviorist perspective. Based on this approach to development, which explanation is the therapist likely to give for Rachel’s behavior? A) Rachel is expressing unconscious aggression B) Rachel is getting something she wants by hitting other children C) Rachel needs to have someone explain why hitting is wrong, and what she could do instead of hitting D) Rachel does not yet have the cognitive maturity to learn why hitting is wrong
8. Yee Min loves her aunt’s old dog. Whenever she visits the aunt’s house, Yee Min sits with the dog, cuddling it, feeding it, and brushing its hair. One day her neighbor gets a dog, and Yee Min rushes up to cuddle it. The dog snaps at her, and Yee Min responds by avoiding that dog from then on. This is an example of A) disequilibrium B) assimilation C) accommodation D) metaknowledge
9. Although both are Constructivist, Piagetian theory _______________ while Vygotskian theory ______________. A) emphasizes individual differences; emphasizes universal trends B) emphasizes qualitative stages; emphasizes gradual changes C) describes development in continuous stages; describes development as discontinuous D) emphasizes the role of adults, emphasizes individual experimentation
10. Unlike Piaget, Gardner’s theory A) Highlights individual domains of cognition B) Sees children as actively engaged in the learning process C) Assumes that children’s experiences promote their development D) Focuses on children’s’ ability to reflect on their own understanding of a situation
Two teachers are discussing outdoor time. Janice says, “Kids learn best when they are free to explore. We should give them time in the sandbox to do their own thing, because we can’t know what concepts they are working on as well as they do.” Monica says, “But they’ll learn more and do more exciting things if we talk to them about what they are doing. We should help them plan and problem solve.”
11. Janice’s philosophy best matches which theory of cognitive development? A) Vygotsky B) Piaget C) Gardner D) Behaviorism
12. Monica’s philosophy best matches which theory of cognitive development? A) Vygotsky B) Piaget C) Gardner D) Behaviorism
13. An individual’s ability to understand his or her own goals, motivations and needs is part of their ________ intelligence. A) Interpersonal B) Intrapersonal C) Existentialist D) Logical-mathematical
14. Which of the following demonstrates the proximodistal trend in prenatal development? A) there is a brief period of time during which the fetus has gills B) the fetus develops arms and hands before it develops legs and feet C) teratogens are likely to cause more severe damage early in pregnancy than they cause later in pregnancy D) hair begins to appear relatively late in prenatal development
15. Which of the following demonstrates the cephalocaudal trend in prenatal development? A) there is a brief period of time during which the fetus has gills and a tail B) the fetus develops arms and hands before it develops legs and feet C) teratogens are likely to cause more severe damage early in pregnancy than they cause later in pregnancy D) hair appears relatively late in prenatal development