ELP FINAL EXAM REVIEW                                                                                                                

Political Parties (Ch.6) & Voting (Ch. 7)

 

Part I: Terms

1. plurality - more votes than the opponent

2. majority - more than half of the votes

3. coalition - an alliance

4. patronage - giving jobs or special favors to party workers

5. precinct - an area that contains a specific number of voters

6. political machine - local party organization that tries to control elections

7. platform - the complete goals and philosophy of a political party

8. plank - each item within the party’s list of goals

9. grassroots movement - a political movement that begins with the people

10. partisan - believing strongly in one party or the other

11. bipartisan - working with members of the other party

12. nonpartisan - no allegiance to either party (being neutral)

13. electorate - people eligible to vote

14. apathy - lack of interest

15. caucus - a meeting of political party members to conduct business

16. primary election - held among party members to nominate candidates to run for office

17. closed primary - type of primary in which only party members can vote

18. open primary - type of primary in which any registered voter can vote

19. propaganda - an attempt to promote a particular idea or candidate

20. political action committee (PAC) - organizations established by corporations, labor unions, etc. to raise money for

                                                      candidates who support their issues

21. canvassing - taking polls to find out how citizens think about issues or candidates

22. straight ticket voting - voting for candidates of 1 party

23. split ticket voting - voting for candidates of different parties

24. popular vote - votes cast directly by the people (Gore won this vote in 2000)

25. initiative - citizens obtaining signatures to get ideas on the ballot

26. proposition - an idea put onto the ballot by citizens

27. referendum - the legislature puts an idea on the ballot to citizens to approve

28. biased - one-sided point of view

29. impartial - considering all points of view

30. lobbyist - people that work for interest groups to persuade members of government to vote for the groups ideas

31. divided government - when 2 political parties share control of government

 

Part II: Propaganda (Ch. 8)

Match each statement with the appropriate type of propaganda

 

 

B      1.  “Al Gore is just a typical tax-and-spend liberal.”

 

E      2. “As governor of Arkansas, Bill Clinton worked to

           spend $20 billion on education.”

 

C      3. “Since I came from a middle-class family, I am

            prepared to go to Washington to fight for

            middle class North Carolinians.”

 

D      4. “Every day, President Bush re-reads the

            Declaration of Independence for inspiration.”

 

A       5. “John Edwards can restore real leadership to

             the office of President.”

 

 

A.  glittering generality

 

B.  name-calling

 

C.  just plain folks

 

D.  symbols

 

E.  stacked cards

 

F.  bandwagon 

 

G.  endorsement

 

Part III:  Party Systems (Ch. 6)

 

 

Two Party

Multi Party

One Party

 

 

 

 

 

Advantages

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-          stability

 

-          parties stay near the center on most issues so they can attract a large number of voters

 

-          relative smooth transitions from one party to another

 

-          more choice for voters

 

-          more views are represented in government

 

-          less gridlock since there is only 1 party (no compromise necessary)

 

-          little work required of voters

 

 

 

 

 

Disadvantages

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

-          shuts out views of minor parties

 

-          media focuses too much on major parties

 

-          fragmented power in government; no party gains a majority and coalitions must be formed; these coalitions are usually unstable – they break up quite easily

 

-          more effort from the voters; they have to sift through more information b/c there are more parties & candidates

 

-          no choice for voters

 

-          greater chance for abuse of power since there is no alternate party for the people to choose

 

Part IV: Nominating Presidential Candidates

 

Spring: primaries or caucuses held in each state

  - the winner of each state’s primary gets that state’s 

  votes at the national convention held during the   

  summer

 
ddd

 

 

 

 

 

 

Summer: national nominating convention

- delegates from each state meet to cast their votes

  for the party’s nominee

- the nominee selects his/her running mate

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

July-November: national campaign; election day

- voters cast popular vote

- the winner of the popular vote in each state gets all

  of the state’s electoral votes (2 exceptions)

- mid to late December: presidential electors officially 

  cast their votes for president

- electors cast a separate vote for President & VP

  (12th Amendment)

 

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


Criticisms of the Electoral College

  1. Favors larger states too much

a.  candidate spends focus too heavily on the largest states

b.  candidate wins presidency if he/she wins the 11 largest states

  1. Loser of popular vote can become President

           a.  (happened 3 times in history; last time in 2000)

  1. Smaller states are over-represented in the Electoral College
  2. Close elections in the popular vote look like landslides in the Electoral College

 

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