Introduction
Geography
People
Government
Economy
Communications
Transportation
Military
Transnational Issues
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Background:
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After a century
of rule by France, Algeria became independent in 1962. The
surprising first round success of the fundamentalist FIS
(Islamic Salvation Front) party in the December 1991 balloting
caused the army to intervene, crack down on the FIS, and
postpone the subsequent elections. The fundamentalist response
has resulted in a continuous low-grade civil conflict with the
secular state apparatus, which nonetheless has allowed
elections featuring pro-government and moderate
religious-based parties. The FIS's armed wing, the Islamic
Salvation Army, disbanded in January 2000 and many armed
militants of other groups surrendered under an amnesty program
designed to promote national reconciliation. Nevertheless,
small numbers of armed militants persist in confronting
government forces and carrying out isolated attacks on
villages and other types of terrorist attacks. Other concerns
include Berber unrest, large-scale unemployment, a shortage of
housing, and the need to diversify the petroleum-based
economy. |
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Location:
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Northern
Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Morocco and
Tunisia |
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Geographic coordinates:
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28 00 N, 3 00 E
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Map references:
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Africa |
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Area:
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total:
2,381,740 sq km
water: 0 sq km
land: 2,381,740 sq km |
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Area - comparative:
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slightly less
than 3.5 times the size of Texas |
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Land boundaries:
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total:
6,343 km
border countries: Libya 982 km, Mali 1,376 km,
Mauritania 463 km, Morocco 1,559 km, Niger 956 km, Tunisia 965
km, Western Sahara 42 km |
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Coastline:
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998 km |
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Maritime claims:
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exclusive
fishing zone: 32-52 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM |
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Climate:
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arid to
semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast;
drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau;
sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in
summer |
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Terrain:
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mostly high
plateau and desert; some mountains; narrow, discontinuous
coastal plain |
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest
point: Chott Melrhir -40 m
highest point: Tahat 3,003 m |
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Natural resources:
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petroleum,
natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, uranium, lead, zinc |
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Land use:
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arable land:
3.21%
permanent crops: 0.21%
other: 96.58% (1998 est.) |
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Irrigated land:
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5,600 sq km
(1998 est.) |
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Natural hazards:
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mountainous
areas subject to severe earthquakes; mudslides and floods in
rainy season |
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Environment - current issues:
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soil erosion
from overgrazing and other poor farming practices;
desertification; dumping of raw sewage, petroleum refining
wastes, and other industrial effluents is leading to the
pollution of rivers and coastal waters; Mediterranean Sea, in
particular, becoming polluted from oil wastes, soil erosion,
and fertilizer runoff; inadequate supplies of potable water
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Environment - international agreements:
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party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered
Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of
the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Nuclear Test Ban |
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Geography - note:
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Second-largest
country in Africa (after Sudan) |
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Population:
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32,818,500
(July 2003 est.) |
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Age structure:
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0-14 years:
32.8% (male 5,485,197; female 5,285,434)
15-64 years: 63% (male 10,460,475; female 10,224,389)
65 years and over: 4.2% (male 624,839; female 738,166)
(2003 est.) |
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Median age:
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total:
22.5 years
male: 22.3 years
female: 22.6 years (2002) |
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Population growth rate:
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1.65% (2003
est.) |
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Birth rate:
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21.94
births/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
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Death rate:
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5.09
deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
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Net migration rate:
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-0.4 migrant(s)/1,000
population (2003 est.) |
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Sex ratio:
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at birth:
1.04 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female
total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
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Infant mortality rate:
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total:
37.74 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 35.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
male: 40.34 deaths/1,000 live births |
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total
population: 70.54 years
male: 69.14 years
female: 72.01 years (2003 est.) |
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Total fertility rate:
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2.55 children
born/woman (2003 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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0.1% - note: no
country specific models provided (2001 est.) |
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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NA |
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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NA |
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Nationality:
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noun:
Algerian(s)
adjective: Algerian |
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Ethnic groups:
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Arab-Berber
99%, European less than 1% |
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Religions:
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Sunni Muslim
(state religion) 99%, Christian and Jewish 1% |
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Languages:
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Arabic
(official), French, Berber dialects |
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Literacy:
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definition:
age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 70%
male: 78.8%
female: 61% (2003 est.) |
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Country name:
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conventional
long form: People's Democratic Republic of Algeria
conventional short form: Algeria
local short form: Al Jaza'ir
local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad
Dimuqratiyah ash Sha'biyah |
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Government type:
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republic |
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Capital:
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Algiers |
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Administrative divisions:
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48 provinces (wilayas,
singular - wilaya); Adrar, Ain Defla, Ain Temouchent, Alger,
Annaba, Batna, Bechar, Bejaia, Biskra, Blida, Bordj Bou
Arreridj, Bouira, Boumerdes, Chlef, Constantine, Djelfa, El
Bayadh, El Oued, El Tarf, Ghardaia, Guelma, Illizi, Jijel,
Khenchela, Laghouat, Mascara, Medea, Mila, Mostaganem, M'Sila,
Naama, Oran, Ouargla, Oum el Bouaghi, Relizane, Saida, Setif,
Sidi Bel Abbes, Skikda, Souk Ahras, Tamanghasset, Tebessa,
Tiaret, Tindouf, Tipaza, Tissemsilt, Tizi Ouzou, Tlemcen
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Independence:
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5 July 1962 (from France) |
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National holiday:
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Revolution Day, 1 November (1954) |
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Constitution:
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19 November 1976, effective 22 November 1976; revised 3
November 1988, 23 February 1989, and 28 November 1996 |
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Legal system:
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socialist, based on French and Islamic law; judicial review of
legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of
various public officials, including several Supreme Court
justices; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
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Suffrage:
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18 years of age; universal |
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: President Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA (since
28 April 1999)
head of government: Prime Minister Ahmed OUYAHI (since
9 May 2003)
cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the
president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a
five-year term; election last held 15 April 1999 (next to be
held NA April 2004); prime minister appointed by the president
election results: Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA elected
president; percent of vote - Abdelaziz BOUTEFLIKA over 70%;
note - his six opposing candidates withdrew on the eve of the
election citing electoral fraud |
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Legislative branch:
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bicameral Parliament consists of the National People's
Assembly or Al-Majlis Ech-Chaabi Al-Watani (389 seats -
changed from 380 seats in the 2002 elections; members elected
by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Council of
Nations (144 seats; one-third of the members appointed by the
president, two-thirds elected by indirect vote; members serve
six-year terms; the constitution requires half the council to
be renewed every three years)
elections: National People's Assembly - last held 30
May 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); Council of Nations - last
held 30 December 2000 (next to be held NA 2003)
election results: National People's Assembly - percent
of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FLN 199, RND 48, MRN
43, MSP 38, PT 21, FNA 8, Nahda 1, PRA 1, MEN 1, independents
29; Council of Nations - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats
by party - RND 79, FLN 12, FFS 4, MSP 1 (remaining 48 seats
appointed by the president, party breakdown NA) |
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Judicial branch:
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Supreme Court or Cour Supreme |
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Political parties and leaders:
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Algerian National Front or FNA [Moussa TOUATI]; Democratic
National Rally or RND [Ahmed OUYAHIA, chairman]; Islamic
Salvation Front or FIS (outlawed April 1992) [Ali BELHADJ and
Dr. Abassi MADANI (imprisoned), Rabeh KEBIR (self-exile in
Germany)]; Movement of a Peaceful Society or MSP [Mahfoud
NAHNAH, chairman]; National Entente Movement or MEN [Ali
BOUKHAZNA]; National Liberation Front or FLN [Boualem
BENHAMOUDA, secretary general]; National Reform Movement or
MRN [Abdellah DJABALLAH]; National Renewal Party or PRA
[leader NA]; Progressive Republican Party [Khadir DRISS];
Rally for Culture and Democracy or RCD [Said SAADI, secretary
general]; Renaissance Movement or EnNahda Movement [Lahbib
ADAMI]; Social Liberal Party or PSL [Ahmed KHELIL]; Socialist
Forces Front or FFS [Hocine Ait AHMED, secretary general
(self-exile in Switzerland)]; Union for Democracy and Liberty
[Mouley BOUKHALAFA]; Workers Party or PT [Louisa HANOUN]
note: a law banning political parties based on religion
was enacted in March 1997 |
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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NA |
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International organization participation:
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ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, ECA, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-24,
G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM,
IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC,
IOM, ISO, ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OAU, OIC,
OPCW, OPEC, OSCE (partner), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO,
UNMEE, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer) |
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Idriss JAZAIRY
chancery: 2118 Kalorama Road NW, Washington, DC 20008
FAX: [1] (202) 667-2174
telephone: [1] (202) 265-2800 |
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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chief of mission: Ambassador Janet A. SANDERSON
embassy: 4 Chemin Cheikh Bachir El-Ibrahimi, Algiers
mailing address: B. P. Box 549, Alger-Gare, 16000
Algiers
telephone: [213] (21) 691-425/255/186
FAX: [213] (21) 69-39-79 |
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Flag description:
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two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and white; a
red, five-pointed star within a red crescent centered over the
two-color boundary; the crescent, star, and color green are
traditional symbols of Islam (the state religion) |
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Economy - overview:
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The hydrocarbons sector is the backbone of the economy,
accounting for roughly 60% of budget revenues, 30% of GDP, and
over 95% of export earnings. Algeria has the fifth-largest
reserves of natural gas in the world and is the second-largest
gas exporter; it ranks 14th in oil reserves. Algeria's
financial and economic indicators improved during the
mid-1990s, in part because of policy reforms supported by the
IMF and debt rescheduling from the Paris Club. Algeria's
finances in 2000-03 benefited from substantial trade
surpluses, record foreign exchange reserves, and reductions in
foreign debt. Real GDP has risen due to higher oil output and
increased government spending. The government's continued
efforts to diversify the economy by attracting foreign and
domestic investment outside the energy sector, however, has
had little success in reducing high unemployment and improving
living standards. |
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GDP:
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purchasing power parity - $167 billion (2002 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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3% (2002 est.) |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing power parity - $5,300 (2002 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 8%
industry: 60%
services: 32% (2002 est.) |
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Population below poverty line:
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23% (1999 est.) |
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 26.8% (1995) |
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Distribution of family income - Gini index:
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35.3 (1995) |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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3% (2002 est.) |
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Labor force:
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9.4 million (2001 est.) |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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government 29%, agriculture 25%, construction and public works
15%, industry 11%, other 20% (1996 est.) |
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Unemployment rate:
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31% (2002 est.) |
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Budget:
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revenues: $20.3 billion
expenditures: $18.8 billion, including capital
expenditures of $5.8 billion (2001 est.) |
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Industries:
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petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical,
petrochemical, food processing |
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Industrial production growth rate:
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6% (2001 est.) |
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Electricity - production:
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24.69 billion kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - production by source:
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fossil fuel: 99.7%
hydro: 0.3%
other: 0% (2001)
nuclear: 0% |
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Electricity - consumption:
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22.9 billion kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - exports:
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340 million kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - imports:
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275 million kWh (2001) |
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Oil - production:
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1.52 million bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - consumption:
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209,000 bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - exports:
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NA (2001) |
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Oil - imports:
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NA (2001) |
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Oil - proved reserves:
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13.1 billion bbl (January 2002 est.) |
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Natural gas - proved reserves:
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4.739 trillion cu m (January 2002 est.) |
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Agriculture - products:
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wheat, barley, oats, grapes, olives, citrus, fruits; sheep,
cattle |
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Exports:
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$19.5 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.) |
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Exports - commodities:
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petroleum, natural gas, and petroleum products 97% |
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Exports - partners:
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Italy 22.8%, France 14.6%, Spain 13.9%, US 13.9%, Brazil
(2001) |
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Imports:
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$10.6 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.) |
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Imports - commodities:
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capital goods, foodstuffs, consumer goods |
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Imports - partners:
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France 37.3%, US 11.3%, Italy 10.0%, Germany 7.6%, Spain
(2001) |
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Debt - external:
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$21.6 billion (2002 est.) |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$162 million (2000 est.) |
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Currency:
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Algerian dinar (DZD) |
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Currency code:
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DZD |
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Exchange rates:
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Algerian dinars per US dollar - 79.6819 (2002), 77.215 (2001),
75.2598 (2000), 66.5739 (1999), 58.739 (1998) |
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year |
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Telephones - main lines in use:
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2.3 million (1998) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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33,500 (1999) |
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Telephone system:
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general assessment: telephone density in Algeria is
very low, not exceeding five telephones per 100 persons; the
number of fixed main lines increased in the last few years to
a little more than 2,000,000, but only about two-thirds of
these have subscribers; much of the infrastructure is outdated
and inefficient
domestic: good service in north but sparse in south;
domestic satellite system with 12 earth stations (20
additional domestic earth stations are planned)
international: 5 submarine cables; microwave radio
relay to Italy, France, Spain, Morocco, and Tunisia; coaxial
cable to Morocco and Tunisia; participant in Medarabtel;
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1
Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat (1998) |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM 25, FM 1, shortwave 8 (1999) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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46 (plus 216 repeaters) (1995) |
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Internet country code:
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.dz |
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs):
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2 (2000) |
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Internet users:
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180,000 (2001) |
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Railways:
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total: 3,973 km
standard gauge: 2,888 km 1.435-m gauge (283 km
electrified)
narrow gauge: 1,085 km 1.055-m gauge (2002) |
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Highways:
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total: 104,000 km
paved: 71,656 km (including 640 km of expressways)
unpaved: 32,344 km (1996 est.) |
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Waterways:
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none |
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Pipelines:
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crude oil 6,612 km; petroleum products 298 km; natural gas
2,948 km |
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Ports and harbors:
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Algiers, Annaba, Arzew, Bejaia, Beni Saf, Dellys, Djendjene,
Ghazaouet, Jijel, Mostaganem, Oran, Skikda, Tenes |
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Merchant marine:
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total: 69 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 884,032 GRT/1,010,777
DWT
ships by type: bulk 9, cargo 23, chemical tanker 6,
liquefied gas 10, petroleum tanker 4, roll on/roll off 12,
short-sea passenger 4, specialized tanker 1, includes some
foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience:
United Arab Emirates 2 (2002 est.) |
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Airports:
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136 (2002) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total: 54
over 3,047 m: 9
2,438 to 3,047 m: 27
914 to 1,523 m: 5
under 914 m: 1 (2002)
1,524 to 2,437 m: 12 |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 82
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 23
under 914 m: 19 (2002)
914 to 1,523 m: 38 |
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Heliports:
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1 (2002) |
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Military branches:
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People's National Army (ANP), Algerian National Navy (ANN),
Air Force, Territorial Air Defense, National Gendarmerie |
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Military manpower - military age:
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19 years of age (2003 est.) |
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Military manpower - availability:
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males age 15-49: 9,243,884 (2003 est.) |
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Military manpower - fit for military service:
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males age 15-49: 5,646,418 (2003 est.) |
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Military manpower - reaching military age annually:
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males: 412,545 (2003 est.) |
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Military expenditures - dollar figure:
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$1.87 billion (FY99) |
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Military expenditures - percent of GDP:
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4.1% (FY99) |
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Disputes - international:
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Libya claims about 32,000 sq km in a dormant dispute still
reflected on its maps in southeastern Algeria; armed bandits
based in Mali attack southern Algerian towns; border with
Morocco remains closed over mutual claims of harboring
militants, arms smuggling; Algeria supports the exiled Sahrawi
Polisario Front and rejects Moroccan administration of Western
Sahara |
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