844 - Clavijo. Legendary battle between Christians (commanded by the king Ramiro I of Asturias) and Moslems, where St. James helped the Christian Army.
846? - Albelda. The Muslim lord of Tudela, Musa ibn Musa (whoused the title of "the third king of Spain") is defeated by Ordoño I.
866 - La Morcuera. The Emir of Cordoba, Al-Mundir, defeats the count Rodrigo de Castilla.
878 - Polvoraria. This time Al-Mundir is defeated by the new count of Castile, Diego Rodríguez Porcelos.
870 or 888 - Padura/Arrigorriaga. Battle between Basques, commanded by Lope Fortún, first lord of Biscay and Sancho de Estigiz, lord of Durango, and the Leoneses, commanded by the prince Ordoño, son of the king Alfonso "el Magno" of Leon and future king Ordoño II. The legend sais that the stones of the place were stained of blood, being the origin of the actual name of the town: Arrigorriaga ("Place of red stones", in Basque language). The real existence of this battle is cuestioned.
917 - S. Esteban de Gormaz. The Leonese king, Ordoño II, defeats the moslem armies of Caliph Abd el-Rahman III.
918 - Talavera and
920 - Valdejunquera. The troops of Abd el-Rahman III defeat the Leonese & Navarrese.
933 - Osma. The castilian-leonese troops, commanded by the count Fernán González, defeat again the troops of Abd el-Rahman III.
939 - Simancas. The new king of Leon, Ramiro II, defeats Abd el-Rahman III.
974 - Deza. The count garcía Fernández of Castile defeat the Moorish of general Galib.
981 - Rueda. The Moorish leader Al-Mansur (Almanzor) defeats king Ramiro III of León.
981 - Medinaceli. Al-Mansur (Almanzor) defeats and kills the rebel general Galib, and his ally, García Fernández of Castile.
982 - Portela. Battle between the two pretenders to the throne of León, Ramiro (III) and Vermudo (II).
986 - León. After several months of siege, the troops of Al-Mansur enter and plunder the city.
997 - Santiago de Compostela. The troops of Al-Mansur enter and plunder the city.
1000 - Cervera. For the first time, al the Spanish Christians form a single front against Al-Mansur, but finally, they are defeated again.
1002 - Calatañazor. A coalition of Christian countries, leaded by Vermudo II of León defeats the armies of Al-Mansur, who dies a few days later. The real existence of this battle (but not the death of Al-Mansur) is cuestioned.
1037 - Tamarón. The first Castilian king, Fernando I, defeats, and kills his father-in-law, the Leonese Vermudo III, heiring his kingdom.
1054 - Atapuerca. Fernando I defeats his brother García IV, king of Navarra.
1063 - Graus. The muslim king of Zaragoza, Al-Muktadir, helped by the Castilian prince Sancho, defeats at kills the king of Aragon, Ramiro I. That is probably the first battle where Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar (after known as "el Cid") fought.
1067 - Viana. The, now, king of Castile, Sancho, is defeated by Navarrese & Aragonese; a Muslim army from his ally, Al-Muktadir, avoids the invasion of Castile.
1068 - Llantada and
1072 - Golpejera. Sancho II of Castile defeats his brother, Alfonso VI of Leon over the Carrión River. Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar commanded the Castilian army.
1079 - Coria. Alfonso VI (now king of Castile & León, after the death of Sancho) defeats the muslim king of Badajoz, Al-Mutawakkil.
1079 - Cabra. Rodrigo Díaz, defeats the king Abd Allah of Granada, who was helped by the Castilian Count García Ordíñez.
1081 - Alcocer. Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, now as server of Al-Mutamin of Zaragoza, captures the castle of Alcocer. For almost four months they lay encamped on that little plain until they had provoked Abu Bakr of Valencia into an attack which ended with the latter's defeat.
1082 - Almenar. Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar, defeats now a combined army of the kings of Valencia (Abu Bakr), Lleida (Al-Hayib), Aragón (Sancho Ramírez) and the Count of Barcelona (Berenguer Ramón II).
1084 - Olocau. Rodrigo Díaz defeats Al-Hayib and Sancho Ramírez.
1086 - Zalaca (or Sagrajas). The Almoravids (North-African invaders), commanded by Yusuf, defeat the Castilian-Leonese armies of Alfonso VI. Nevertheless, Yusuf must return to Africa, so he can't take profit of his victory.
1090 - Tébar. Rodrigo Díaz defeats the Count of Barcelona, Berenger Ramon II.
1091 - Almodóvar del Río. Yusuf returns to Spain and defeats the Castilian army, commanded by Alvar Yáñez, wich tried to help the muslim kings of southern Spain.
1094 - Cuarte (Cuart de Poblet) and
1097 - Bairén. Rodrigo Díaz defeats the Almoravids: he was helped by Pedro I of Aragón.
1096 - Alcaraz. The new king of Aragon, Pedro I, defeats the king of Zaragoza, Al-Mustain, and conquers the city of Huesca. Castilian counts García Ordóñez and Gonzalo Núñez fought with the king of Zaragoza. It is probable that El Cid fought in the Aragonese side.
1097 - Consuegra. On August 15th. The almoravids (Muhammad ben AlHach) defeat the Castilian-Leonese armies (Alfonso VI). The son of Rodrigo Díaz (Diego Rodríguez) dies in the battle.
1097 - Cuenca. A second army under the command of Yusuf's son, ibn-Aisa, the governor of Murcia, attacked the eastern end of the Christian line in the Cuenca district and there defeated Alvar Fáñez.
1102 - Cullera. Alfonso VI goes to help Valencia, besieged by Almoravids. The battle ends in a draw, but Christians must left Valencia.
1108 - Uclés. The Almoravids defeat the Castilian-Leonese armies. The heir of the throne (Sancho) dies at the battle, and the almoravids conquest the cities of Consuegra, Cuenca, Ocaña and Hueste.
1111 - Campo de la Espina, o Candespina. The king of Aragon, Alfonso I "the battler", and the count Enrique of Portugal, defeat the Castilian Queen Urraca (wife of Alfonso I). The defeat turns into a victory when Enrique turns against his ally after the battle.
1111 - Viadangos. A Galeg army, commanded by Count Pedro Froilaz and Bishop Gelmírez is ambushed and defeated by Alfonso of Aragón. Nevertheless, the greatest prize (the young king Alfonso) escaped the victor: seeing the battle turning into a rout, Bishop Gelmírez fled, taking with him , and delivered him safely to his mother Urraca in Galicia.
1112 - Astorga. This time, Urraca defeats his husband, with the help of the count of Portugal (who have changed of side). A short time later, Enrique died, perhaps from wounds received at Astorga.
1115 - Baeza. The lord of Ávila defeats the Moors of Ibn-Idhâri.
1123-1124 - Sigüenza. The city of Sigüenza is reconquered by Queen Urraca: the city occupied an strategic possition, in order to avoid the Aragonese expansion towards New Castile.
1128 - Sâo Mamede. The portuguese barons, leaded by D. Alfonso Enriquez, defeated a Galician army, leaded by the Count Fernando Pérez de Trava. This battle marks the beginning of the Portuguese independence.
1132 - Lucena. Militas of Segovia & Ávila defeat an Almoravid army, under the command of prince Tâshfin.
1132 - Sevilla. Rodrigo González de Lara (governor of Toledo) defeats and kills the king Umar of Seville, near this city.
1139 - Cerneja. D. Alfonso Enriquez defeats again the Count Fernando Pérez de Trava and Rodrigo Vela, this time in Galician land. Four years later he would become King of Portugal.
1164 - Huete. Battle between the families Castro and Lara for the regency of Castile, during the childhood of Alfonso VIII.
114* - Montiel. After a raid into Muslim Spain, Munio Alfonso is intercepted by a Moorish army, but manages to defeat them.
1162 - Valmuza. King Fernando II of León defeats the militias of Salamanca, who tried to destroy the new built fortifications of Ciudad Rodrigo.
1169 - Badajoz. King Fernando II of León helps the Muslim city of Badajoz, besieged by the Portugueses of Geraldo the Fearless.
1172 - Huete. Almohad Caliph Yacqúb Yúsuf I, fails in his try of taking the city. This marks the end of the first Almohad expansion.
1173 - Caracuel. After a raid into Muslim Spain, militias of Ávila, commanded by Sancho Jimeno "the Hunchback" (known in Muslim chronicles as "Abú Bardaca", "the Packsaddler") are intercepted and defeated by an Almohad army. Sancho Jimeno is killed in the battle.
1177 - Cuenca. After a siege of several months, the city is reconquered by Alfonso VIII of Castile. Important Almohad defeat, who lost an strategic position, in order to assure their presence in the region of La Mancha.
1179 - Castejón. The Leonese defeat the Castilians, recovering the control of Tierra de Campos.
1195 - Alarcos. Almohads defeat the Castilian king, Alfonso VIII.
1212 - Las Navas de Tolosa. A coalition of Castile, Portugal, Navarra and Aragon, leaded by Alfonso VIII, defeats the Almohads, leaded by Caliph Al-Nasir "Miramamolín", at the biggest battle of the Reconquista.
1225 - Aspe. A Castilian army (militias of Cuenca, Huete, Moya & Alarcón), under the command of Alfonso Téllez and the bishop of Cuenca defeats the Muslim kings of Seville & Murcia (Ali Ibn-Aarki).
1226 - Elvas. The kings of Portugal (Sancho II) and León (Alfonso IX) fail to conquer to the Moors this Portuguese city.
1227 - Martos. The king of Baeza, Abu-l-Ula tries to conquer the city of Martos. Legend says that, being the milita outside, the women of the city defended it.
1227 - Cáceres. The city is reconquered by the king of León, Alfonso IX.
1229 - Alange. Important victory of Alfonso IX of León, against the Almohads of Ibn-Hud.
1230 - Mérida. The city is reconquered by the king of León, Alfonso IX, after defeating a relief army of the same Ibn-Hud..
1230 - Badajoz. The city is reconquered by the king of León, Alfonso IX.
1230 - Jaén. King Fernando III of Castile fails in his try of taking the city.
1231 - Jerez. Don Alvar Pérez de Castro defeats a Moorish army of the king Aben-Hut.
1236 - Córdoba. An isolated group of Castilian warriors takes a suburb of the city. Besieged by Moorish, Fernando III comes to assist them and besieges the city, that capitulates on June 30.
1246 - Jaén. The city is reconquered by King Fernando III of Castile.
1247 - Seville After almost one year of siege (with an important participation of Castilian Navy of Ramón Binifaz), Seville fails to Ferdinand III, and his ally the Muslim king of Granada.
1255 - Lebrija A rebel army, commanded by the prince Enrique (brother of the king Alphonse X) is defeated by Royal troops, under the command of Nuño González de Lara & Rodrigo Alfonso.
1262 - Cádiz The city is conquered by surprise, by a Christian fleet commanded by Pedro Martínez de la Fe.
1275 - Ecija Merinid invaders, under the command of Abu Yusuf, defeat the Castilian army of Nuño de Lara (the winner of Lebrija), who dies in the battle.
1275 - Martos The same Abu Yusuf defeats and kills the Archbishop of Toledo, Sancho de Aragón.
1278 - Algeciras. Naval battle: the king of Fez, Abu Yusuf, defeats the Castilian Navy who was helping the siege of the city (commanded prince Sancho, future Sancho IV & Admiral Martínez de la Fe), and threatens with an invasion of Spain. The sieged failed one year later. This is the first action of the long battle for the straigth of Gibraltar.
1284 - Tanger. Naval battle: this time, Castilians (under the command of the Genoese Benito Zacarías) defeat the Merinids.
1289 - Pajarón. A rebel nobleman, Diego López de Haro, defeats the Royal Troops.
1290 - Chinchilla. Another rebel nobleman, Juan Núñez de Lara, defeats the Royal Troops.
1292 - Tanger. Naval battle: after 8 years of truce, Zacarías attacks and defeats again the Merinids, but he cannot prevent his landing in Spain.
1292 - Tarifa. Sancho IV conquers the city to the Muslims.
1294 - Tarifa. Alonso Pérez de Guzmán (known as Guzmán "el Bueno") defends the recently conquered city against Merinids (Abu Yusuf).
1299 - Alfaro. The rebel nobleman, Juan Núñez de Lara, is defeated and taken as prisoner by the Royal troops.
1304 - Monforte de Lemos. The brother of Ferdinand IV, the prince Felipe, defeats and kills a second rebel nobleman: Fernán Rodríguez de Castro.
1306 - Aranda de Duero. Juan Núñez de Lara, again in rebellion, breaks the siege of the town, and manges to escape from Royal troops.
1307 - Tordehumos. Juan Núñez de Lara is, once more, besieged in this place, finally, an agreement is made, where the king granted Lara's pretensions.
1308 - Fregenal de la Sierra, Montalbán, Alcántara ... Several Templar fortresses are taking by assault.
1309 - Algeciras & Gibraltar. Ferdinand IV conquers the city of Gibraltar, but is unable to do the same in Algeciras.
1319 - Vega de Granada. The two rival co-regents of Alfonso XI, princes Pedro & Juan, make a joint attack to the kingdom of Granada, being defeated by the Muslim leader Ozmin, and both dying (Pedro by an accident, and Juan after receiving the news).
1326 - Antequera. Prince Juan Manuel defeats the same Ozmin.
1327 - San Vicente. Naval battle: the Castilian fleet (admiral Tenorio) defeats the Portuguese one (Pessanha).
1333 - Gibraltar. A Merinid army, under the command of the prince Abd-al-Malik, conquers the city of Gibraltar. A following attempt of retaking it by Alfonso XI fails.
1335 - Tudela. Martín Fernández de Portocarrero defeats a Navarrian-Aragonese army who planned to invade Castile.
1337 - Villanueva de Barcarrota. An army of Castilian noblemen & militias of Seville defeats a Portuguese invasion (Pedro Alonso de Sousa).
1338 - San Vicente. Naval battle: Jofre Tenorio defeats a Portuguese fleet. The following truce allows the king of Castile to center himself in the war against Merinids.
1339 - Siles. The Master of Santiago, Alfonso Méndez de Guzmán, defeats a Moorish army, who was besieging this castle..
1340 - Gibraltar. Naval battle: admiral Jofre Tenorio is forced by the Court to present battle against a superior Merinid fleet, and is defeated and killed.
1340 - Tarifa. Naval battle: Alfonso Ortiz Calderón is also defeated by Merinids. Both Merinid victories would allow them to disembark in Spain, and try a new invasion.
1340 - Salado. In the final battle against Merinids, Alfonso XI of Castile & Leon, helped by the Portuguese Afonso IV, defeats their last invasion. Merinids were leaded by the king of Fez Abdul Hassan, and helped by the King of Granada.
1341 - Dinan. A Castilian fleet (Luis de la Cerda) conquers this city to the English.
1342 - Quimperle & Guernsey. Double naval battle: a Castilian fleet (Luis de la Cerda) defeats a English one (count of Pembroke). This is the first naval battle in the history where artillery was used.
1350 - Winchelsea. Naval battle: Edward III defeats the Castilian fleet of Carlos de la Cerda.
1355 - Gordejuela & Ochandiano. King Peter I orders the prince Juan de Aragón to fight the rebel Lord of Biscay, Tello (half-brother of the king). He is defeated by the Basques (Juan de Avendaño) in a couple of battles.
1357 - Trigueros. The rebel Juan de la Cerda is defeated by the town milita of Seville, under the command of Juan Ponce de León & Gil Bocanegra.
1359 - Barcelone. During the "War of the two Peters" (Peter I "the cruel" of Castile vs. Peter IV of Aragón) the Castilian fleet fails to disembark in Barcelone.
1359 - Araviana. Henry of Trastámara, half brother of the Castilian king Peter I "the cruel" invades Castile and defeats the royal troops.
1360 - Nájera (1st battle). After an uncertain battle, Henry leaves Castile, looking for refugee in France.
1361 - Linuesa. A Moorish army is defeated by Men Rodríguez de Biedma & Enrique Enríquez.
1362 - Calatayud. King Peter I starts his great offensive inside the territory of Aragón.
1363 - Murviedro. With the taking of this place, Peter I reachs the Mediterranean, cutting Aragonese territory in two portions.
1364 - Alcublas. The Master of Alcántara, sent to help the Castilian garrison of Murviedro, is defeated and killed.
1367 - Nájera (2nd battle). Henry of Trastámara (now, king Henry II of Castile) is defeated by the English Black Prince. Peter returns to the power, while Henry refugees once more in France.
1369 - Montiel. Final victory of Henry II over his brother, who is killed in the following days.
1370 - Sanlúcar de Barrameda. A Castilian fleet defeats the Portuguese who were blocking the harbor of Seville.
1370 - Puerto de Reyes. The last of the supporters of Peter I, Ferrando de Castro, is defeated by Pero Manríquez & Pero Ruiz Sarmiento, looking for refuge in Portugal.
1372 - La Rochelle. Naval battle: a Castilian fleet (Ambrosio Bocanegra) defeats an English one, and capture its admiral, the count of Pembroke.
1381 - Saltes. Naval battle: the Castilian Navy (Sanchez de Tovar) defeats the Portuguese one (João Telo).
1382 - Roosebecke. A Castilian troop takes part in this French victory over Flemish and British, during the Hundred Years War.
1384 - Atoleiros. The portuguese troops (Nuno Álvares Pereira) defeat the Castilian King troops, during their War of the Independence (1384-1387).
1385 - Trancoso. The portuguese troops (Gonçalo Vasques Coutinho) defeat the Castilian King's troops (João Rodrigues de Castanheda).
1385 - Aljubarrota. Definitive victory of the portuguese troops (João I and Nuno Álvares Pereira) over the castilians (Juan I), insuring their independence.
1385 - Valverde. After Aljubarrota, the Portuguese (Nuno Álvares Pereira) invade Castile, defended by the Master of Santiago, who dies at the battle.
1406 - Quesada/Los Collejares. Uncertain battle between Castilians (Pedro Manrique) and Granadians (Mohammed VII).
1410 - Antequera. The regent of Castile & León (future king of Aragon), Fernando de Trastámara, defeats the king of Granada, Mohammed VII. After that, he will be known as Fernando "de Antequera".
1419 - La Rochelle. Naval battle: a Castilian fleet defeats an English-Hanseatic coalition .
1419 - La Higueruela. The constable of Castile, Alvaro de Luna, defeats the Granadian army.
1446 - Olmedo. The supporters of Juan II and his constable Alvaro de Luna defeat the rebel army of prince Enrique (future Enrique IV).
1467 - Olmedo (2nd battle). King Enrique IV defeats a rebel army.
1476 - Fuenterrabía/Hondarribia. King Ferdinand the Catholic helps the city, besieged by the French.
1476 - Toro. The supporters of the Catholic Kings (Isabel and Fernando) defeat the supporters of the princess of Asturias Juana (Alfonso V of Portugal and prince João Forces).
1478 - Guiniguada. Castilians conquer the island of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands).
1479 - Albuera. The Catholic Kings defeat again the Portuguese. After this battle, it is signed the treaty of Alcaçovas, where the Portuguese king resigns his rights over the Castilian throne.
1483 - Ajarquía/Axarquía. The (future) king of Granada, Mohammed "el Zagal" defeats the Castilians.
1485 - Moclín. Mohammed "el Zagal" defeats again the Castilians.
1492 - Granada. The city is reconquered by the Christians.
1495 - Peñuelas and Acentejo. Castilians conquer the island of Tenerife (Canary islands).
1495 - Seminara. French troops defeat a Spanish-Naples Army in the South of Italy.
1502 - Barletta. Spanish troops (Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba) defeat the French, at the war for the domain of the kingdom of Naples.
1502 - Terranova. French troops defeat the Spanish (Manuel de Benavides & Hugo de Moncada).
1503 - Otranto. A Spanish fleet (Lezcano) enters in the harbour of Otranto and destroys a French fleet.
1503 - Seminara. A Spanish army (Gil de Andrade) defeats a French one (D'Aubigny).
1503 - Ceriñola. Spanish troops (Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba) defeat again the French (Duke of Nemours).
1503 - Garellano. New victory of Spanish troops (Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba) over the French (Duke of Mantua).
1512 - Ravena. A French Army (Gaston de Foix) defeats the army of the Holy League (Spain, Venetia and the Papal State). The death of the French commander turns this victory into a French defeat.
1512 - Novara. This time it´s the Holly League the one who wins over the French.
1521 - Villalar. The army of the "comuneros" rebels is defeated by the royalist army. After this, the history of Castile is identical to that of Spain as a whole.