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The bicameral Parliament elected in April 1987 was dissolved the next month following a military coup d’ Etat. After a second coup in September 1987, the 1970 Constitution was formally revoked. In October 1987, the Governor-General, representing the British sovereign, resigned and Fiji became a Republic. In July 1990, a new Constitution was promulgated which provided for a parliamentary form of government and a bicameral legislature, and established a permanent majority of House seats for indigenous Fijians. All 70 members of the House of Representatives were elected from "communal" constituencies on closed electoral rolls, for registered members of a particular ethnic group. 37 seats were allocated to ethnic Fijians and only 27 to Indians, one seat was reserved for a representative of the Rotuman Islanders, with five "general electorates" set aside for various minorities including Europeans, Chinese, and Banaban Islanders.

The polling dates were originally set in March 1992 but elections were held from 23 May to 30 May. Leading contenders for the 70 House of Representatives seats were the Soqosoqo Ni Vakavulewa Ni Taukei Party (SVT) (Fijian Political Party), formed in 1990 by the Great Council of Chiefs and led by Major General Sitiveni Rabuka, and, for the Indian seats, the National Federation Party (NFP), led by Harish Sharma and the Fiji Labour Party (FLP), led by Mahendra Chaudry.

Final results were announced on 31 May. The SVT won 30 of the 37 ethnic Fijian seats, while the NFP and the trade-union based FLP, led by Mr. Harish Chandra Sharma and Mr. Mahendra Chaudry, respectively, shared the 27 Indian seats. In return for the FLP’s agreement to participate in the new legislature, the SVT promised a review of the Constitution and other measures, including the rights of the work force.

On 2 June, Gen. Rabuka was appointed Prime Minister by President of the Republic Panaia Ganilau; a coalition (SVT-GVP-Rotuma) 19-member Cabinet was named the following day.

Seats won by the parties were as follows:
  

The total umber of registered voters were approximately 275,500