Vegetation
One of the most
extensive forest growth in Iran is to be found in this area, where
stands of oak, ash, elm, cypress, pine and other valuable trees grow
abundantly.
Some of the most common
tree kinds are:
Periploca graeca
Juglans regia Persian walnut
Acer platanides Norway
Maple
Taxus baccata
common yew
Ulmus
Platanus vulgaris
Grenier (fr.)
Celtis australis Ulmaceae
Alnus tourn
Quercus castaneaefolia Chestnut
Ulmacees(fr.)
Zelkova crenata
Buxus sempervirens Boxwood
Rhamnus
Fraxinus excelsior Common Ash
Crataegus (fr.)
Tilia rubra
Ulmus montana
Paliurus spina
Rubus caesius
Dewberry
Parrotia persica
Persian Parrotia
Quercus sp
Carpinus betulus Hornbeam
Fagus orientatis
Golestân forest
Vegetation cover is mainly representative of Hyrcanian, Irano -
Turanian and Ecotone which are amongst Iran's main vegetation covers.
The major types of vegetation and outstanding species
of each
floristic region include the following.
1- Hyrcanian region:
Persian parrotia - Parrotia persica
Chestnut - leaved oak -
Quercus castaneaefolia
European horn beam - Carpinus betulus
Velvet maple - Acer velutinum
Japanese maple - Acer monspessulanum
Caucasian hackberry - Celtis caucasica
Red dogwood - Cornus sanguinus
Hawthorn - Crataegus spp
Pyrus cordata - Pyrus boissieriana
Lonicera - Lonicera fioribunda
Linden tree - Tilia caucasica
Coliseum maple - Acer cappadocicm
European ash - Fraxinus
excelsior
2- The boundary between forest and steppe
regions :
Greek Juniper - Juniperus excelsa
Common Juniper - Juniperus communiss
Berberis spp - Berberis
spp
Astragal - Astragalus spp
Milkwort - Euphorbia spp
3- Steppe and dry regions :
Fescue grass - Festuca spp
Acanthophyllum - Acanthophyllum spp
Artemisia - Artemsia spp
Fishes
Golestân forest :
The Doogh River in the National park stretches up
to about 15 kilometers. There are 8 species of fish living
in this river which include : Varicorhinus capoeta, Umbra
kramereri, rainbow trouts, minnows, etc.
Caspian Sea:
salmon, bream, mullet and sturgeon are found in
large quantities.
There are over 120 fish
species in the southern part of the Caspian Sea, which are commercially
divided in two groups of sturgeons and bony fishes. The bony fishes are
also divided into kilka and other species. The main commercial species
are as follows:
Sturgeons: Beluga (Huso huso),
Russian sturgeon (Acipenser guldenstadti), Iranian sturgeon (A.
persicus), and Sevruga (A. stellatus). The Iranian Caviar, being a
famous and
exclusive product worldwide, is produced by these species.
Kilkas (small Clupeidae):
Clupeonella delicatula, C. engrauliformis, C. grimmi
Other bony fishes: Kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum),
Mullets (Mugil auratus and M. saliens), Carp (Cuprinus carpio), Bream
(Abramis brama), Pike-perch (Lucioperca lucioperca), Roach (Rutilus
rutilus) and Salmon (Salmo trutta caspius).
Book tips &
Links
Butterflies of Iran
The Mammals and Birds of Iran
Freshwater
Fishes of Iran
Iranian
Orchid Flowers
Nature in Iran
Golestan National Park
Insekten
Fagus in the surroundings of Gorgán
Archaeological evidence for the horse
Nature of
Iranian Forests
Caspian Seal
National
biodiversity of Iran, Strategy & Action plan
Joint
Program in Botany between Iranian Institutions and University Herbarium
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