The universe is divided into basically four known quadrants. Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta. Gamma and Delta are far away from the Federation. Earth is in the Alpha quadrant. Beta is not mentioned much.
Romulans:are descended from the same species as the Vulcan. They are a devious species with black hair. They invented the cloaking device(a device which makes a ship practically invisible.)They like to gain power and influence. There is an area between Federation space and Romulan space known as the neutral zone. It is nearly impossible to tell a Romulan and a Vulcan apart by appearance alone.
Bajorans:were once oppressed by the Cardassians. The Cardassians took over their planet and used them as slaves and kept them in concentration camps. They created resistance militia's to fight the Cardassians. These were known as resistance cels. They used to believe in following in the family business(for example: if your father was an artist, you would become an artist.) They also believe in gods that they call the Prophets. They have many prophecies and they believe that Captain Sisko is their savior that they call the Emissary. Their religious leaders are influential in their government. Their government leader is known as the first minister and their religious leader is known as the kai. Their prominent physical features are the ridges on their noses. They also clap backhanded. They traditionally wear an earing on their right ear that has a chain link from the top of their ear to the bottom.
The Maquis:are a group of people of many races, mostly Bajoran, that got together to stop the Cardassians from hurting any more Bajorans and to take back territory that once belonged to the Bajorans.
Ferengi:are a money based society. They have a book called The Rules Of Acquisition. Young kids memorize it in order to learn rules on how to acquire profit. Their leader is known as the Nagus. He runs the financial affairs of Ferenginar, the Ferengi homeworld. He also counsels others on how to make profit. Ferengi women used to have to stay at home and could never leave the homeworld. It was also illegal for them to make profit. They couldn't wear clothes or speak in the presence of a male Ferengi. They started a revolution which lead to them finally having their freedom. Ferengi's prominent physical features are their large earlobes. Their ears are very important to them. It is very sensitive to touch, either pain or pleasure.
Klingon:are stronger than humans. They are a militaristic society. To let someone know you want to mate with them, you bite them on the cheek. If someone is challenging your authority you have to fight them. Klingon ships are known as Birds of Prey. A traditional klingon weapon is the Bahtlet(excuse my spelling). They believe in honor. If you die an honorable death then you go to the klingon "heaven". Stovokor. They sing songs and tell stories of battles they've done. They look up to Kah'less who was a great warrior and has now become a great legend. In order to gain more influence, you must perform more great honorable deeds. They have many rituals and take pride in their family lines. Klingons most prominent physical feature are the ridges on their forehead and body. They did not always have these ridges. It is unknown as to how they got them.
Cardassians:are a militaristic society. The military runs everything. They are always looking to gain more territory. They believe that you are guilty until proven innocent. They have harsh interrogation strategies. Scientist aren't considered important. After being defeated by the Federation, Cardassia, the Cardassian homeworld, took a major downfall. They made an alliance with the Dominion. Cardassians most prominent physical features are the ridges on their face, neck, and shoulders.
Obsidian Order:are like the C.I.A. of the Cardassians. They are the strategic, Romulan-like, part of the military. They out rank them.
Q:are an evolved people. They are omnipotent. They can do anything, such as kill someone and bring them back. Their power is limitless. All of them are named Q, but they can tell the name apart somehow. They recently had a civil war and are rebuilding their society. They can take on any form that they want, but their true form is unknown.
Prophets:are a highly evolved alien species. They can see into the future, past, and present. They live in the wormhole which they created. It is located by Deep Space Nine and it is the only known stable wormhole. They communicate through peoples minds by taking on the form of someone they know and talking to them. They gave the Bajorans nine orbs each that let the Bajorans communicate with them about different things. They also sent them prophecies that predict future events, but have to be deciphered. Their enemies are the Pahrets that they kicked out of the wormhole. They arranged the birth of Captain Sisko so that he would save them and Bajor.