Introduction to Language Teaching and the Internet

Workshop Guide: Kirsten

kblincoln@yahoo.com
Workshop Page 2: Some Issues Surrounding the Use of the Internet
Monterey Institute of International Studies
Graduate School of Language and Educational Linguistics

On page two of this workshop, I will explain to you the two assignments for this workshop, as well as addressing purpose number one; exploring some of the issues surrounding the responsible use of the internet in the language classroom.

Regarding the assignments, you will develop a lesson plan and one set of evaluative criteria for websites.

Go ahead and peek at the assignments if you wish, when you are done, please start reading below.

Responsible Use of the Internet

As language teachers, of course we want to teach our students in the best way possible, with the best resources at our disposal. However, there are many things that need to be taken in to consideration before using any new textbook, technique, game, method, or technological resource. To be a responsible teacher, students' attitudes, level of ability, interests, and needs must be taken into account when planning a curriculum or lesson plan, or activity. This is just as true when planning to use the Internet, whether it be in the form of a website, email, chatrooms, or MUDS (Multi user domains).

As Liddell (1994 Learners and Second Language Acquisition: A Union Blessed by CALL?, Computer Assisted Language Learning, vol 7, pp163-173) remarks about language software, "..what we've seen is that technology applied to higher education has all focused on automating the mechanistic end" and "..If there is a moral"to the criticisms mentioned so far, it is that the media used in CALL [computer assissted language learning] are not the message; nor, apparently, are the methods upon which media use depends. The message delivered by CALL media must be those of the subject at hand--in this case, a theory or theories of Second Language Acquisition." It seems the problem is that the siren call of technology and the resources available on the world wide web too often overshadow their principled use in well-thought out lesson plans. Armstrong and Yetter-Vassot (1994 Transforming Teaching through Technology, Foreign Language Annals, 27 ) echo the concern that technology has only provided another version of the repetitious grammar exercises that marked the Audio-Lingual Method, "..its form-based nature, i.e., the programs simply provide fill-in-the-blank exercises using a glitzy, electronic format.".

While the above mentioned criticisms focus more on the design of exercises to be found in language software and on the Internet, other possible limitations include problems with the medium itself, including the following ones, written by Karla Frizler in a Master's thesis published on the net:

Possible Limitations: Because the ability to express oneself in writing is a crucial aspect of using the Internet, some researchers propose that this puts students who lack interest or skill in writing at a disadvantage (Berge & Collins, 1995; Lundstrom, 1995). Lundstrom also points out that the quality of English found on the Internet is often non-conventional, and may actually hinder students in their progress toward communicating in person with native speakers of English (Lundstrom, 1995).

Another factor which affects the ESOL-Internet classroom is that of social interaction. While many students enjoy the creative and imaginatively social aspects of the Internet, some students may prefer to be in a traditional classroom, watching and listening to a teacher and peers in person (Berge & Collins, 1995). Other drawbacks include technical problems such as lost files or forgotten passwords. However, these issues can usually be remedied by the instructor or lab personnel (Kroonenberg, 1994/1995 ).

Also included in this category of criticism are concerns about what Allwright and Bailey call the "Receptivity" (1990 , Focus on the Language Classroom: An Introduction to Classroom Research for Language Teachers, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.) of students towards the teacher, the teaching medium, materials, etc. Students with high anxiety towards the use of technology, or those with no prior computer experience may encounter problems.

On the other hand, there are many reasons why the principled and well-planned use of the Internet in a language classroom can be a beneficial experience. Again from Karla Frizler, here is a list of opportunities the Internet provides for ESOL writing students:

Exposure to natural language outside classroom Collaboration (both inter- and intraclass)
Student responsibility for learning
Motivation & enjoyment of the learning process
Cross-cultural communication
Awareness of global issues & concerns
Creative outlets & opportunities for publication
Development of computer skills
Furthermore, using various functions of the Internet, such as e-mail, MOO and the World Wide Web, can help ESOL students further develop their skills in reading (including skimming and scanning), writing for specific purposes and audiences, and, most of all, critical thinking. Moreover, students enjoy being a part of the newly-developing Internet community.

Ho Mei Lin (The Internet TESL Journal, Vol. III, No. 12, December 1997 http://www.aitech.ac.jp/~iteslj/Articles/Lin-OnlineGrammar.html), writing about online grammar teaching provides these reasons for using the Internet:

The access to a wide range of resources
The ease and speed of getting information to large numbers of students
The attractive layout and graphics
The links to numerous other sites
The students getting feedback without teachers having to mark their work

Now, I've given you alot to think about. Go on to Task #2 now where you will have a chance to process some of this information.

Task #2

In preparation for your first assignment, which will be developing a set of evaluative criteria for websites, please answer the questions below in terms of a population of students you know about, have experience with, or just choose randomly. The population you choose for this task will also be the one you use for your first assignment.

1. What is your name? What population did you choose?
2. Which of the criticisms/problems/limitations listed above strikes you as the most important to consider in the evaluation of websites you might consider using in your classroom? Are there any others you can think of that weren't mentioned?


3. Which of the opportunities mentioned above by Frizler or Ho Mei Lin strike you as the most exciting or full of possibilities for this population?

 

Workshop Page One: Introduction Assignments Explanation Page
Workshop Page Three: Making Internet lesson plans Workshop Page Four: Creating a website