Panleukopenia is a severe, highly contagious viral disease. This virus tends to invade cells which are rapidly growing. Such as those in the digestive system. The panleukopenia virus is so widespread in nature that virtually all cats are exposed to it within the first year of life. A cat with distemper loses it's immunity and typically dies from an invasion of other infectious agents. It is very stable in the environment and can survive years at room temperature. It survives well in lower temperatures as well, and is not killed by many of the common disinfectants.
Spread:
The virus is typically transmitted when a cat has contact with the feces or urine of infected cats. It can be transmitted from a mother to her developing kittens within her uterus.
Possible Signs:
Fevers of 104-107, depression, diarrhea, vomitting up bile (yellowish, foamy), dehydration (can lead to hypothermia), seizures, weight loss, head hovering over the water dish.
Very young cats may become very ill, and in unvaccinated kittens it is usually fatal. Cats who survive the symptoms for longer than five days days usually survive, but complete recovery may take several weeks.
Vaccines:
There are 2 types of vaccines against Feline Distemper.
A killed virus vaccine may be administered to pregnant cats or kittens less than 4wks. of age(if exposure to the panleukopenia virus is likely, as in a humane shelter.) However with this vaccine a cat is not really protected until 3 to 7 days after the second vaccination.
A modified live vaccine will produce a more rapid and effective vaccination. A series of atleast two vaccinations 2-4 weeks apart should still be given.
***Pregnant cats & kittens who are younger than 4wks. should NOT be given a modified live vaccine since it would cause abortion or damage to the cerebellum of the kitten.****
Prevention and Cleaning:
Be sure to have your cat(s) vaccinated. A kitten should not be introduced into a household without being vaccinated due to the fact that this virus can last over a year in the environment. Thoroughly clean and disinfect or replace food/water dishes, bedding, litter boxes, and toys. A dilute solution of household bleach (4oz. bleach in 1 gal. water) makes an excellent disinfectant. Vacuum carpets and mop floors with appropriate cleanser.
Pregnant Cats & Kittens:
A mother cat can transmit the virus in utero to her kittens, often leading to aborted or still born kittens. Kittens that survive to birth may develop tremors (especially in the head) and may be uncoordinated for years. Eventually they may be able to compensate for this and develop into normal cats. Kittens may aso have an abnormally retina of the eye.
Other Illnesses
Feline Leukemia
Feline AIDs
Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
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This is presented for informational use only.
Please see your veterinarian if you suspect any illnesses in your pet(s).