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Astronomy with Tru
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Solar Flare
JULY 2006
Hubble Reveals two dust disks around nearby star
NASA
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Mysterious Lunar Swirls
Picture this: A cup of coffee, steaming and black. Add a dollop of milk and gently stir. Eddies of cream go swirling around the cup. Magnify that image a million times and you've got a Lunar Swirl.
Lunar swirls are strange markings on the Moon that resemble the cream in your coffee—on a much larger scale. They seem to be curly-cues of pale moondust, twisting and turning across the lunar surface for dozens of miles. Each swirl is utterly flat and protected by a magnetic field.
Above:: The Reiner Gamma swirl, photographed by the ESA's SMART-1 lunar orbiter.
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Lightning Crackles on Saturn
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NASA's Hubble Space Telescope has revealed two dust disks circling the  nearby star Beta Pictoris. The images confirm a decade of scientific speculation that a warp in the young star's dust disk may actually be a second inclined disk, which is evidence for the possibility of at least one Jupiter-size planet orbiting the star.
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While NASA  and JPL are reporting to the world and its amazing Deep Impact historical events we in BPE marked our  own milestone yet again in historical events together. But nothing could compare to the Leonids  Meteors or the comets watch to witnessing Deep Impact last night.
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Before the end of  the next decade, NASA astronauts will again explore the surface of the moon. And this time, we're  going to stay, building outposts and paving the way for eventual journeys to Mars and beyond. There  are echoes of the iconic images of the past, but it won't be your grandfather's moon shot.
Exploration Moon
The  pioneering space experiences will be the ultimate voyage to encounter new planets around distant  stars. Theirs will be the journey into the extraordinary. On distant planets are incandescent storms  big enough to swallow the earth. Bolts of lightning thousands of miles long. Raging infernos of toxic  gas. Inconceivable violence and terrifying extremes. These are the planets from hell.
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On 3 May 2006 there were 785 known Potentially
known Hazardous Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU.

None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding
new ones all the time.
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Dangerous ASTEROID
Notes: LD is a "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on the date of closest approach.
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Mariner Valley Mars
The disk is fainter than the star because, at the visible wavelengths measured, its dust only reflects light. To see the faint disk, astronomers used Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys' coronagraph, which blocked the light from Beta Pictoris. The images clearly show a distinct secondary disk that is tilted by about four degrees from the main disk. The secondary disk is visible out to roughly 24 billion miles from the star, and probably extends even farther. The finding appears in the June 2006 issue of the Astronomical Journal.

The best explanation for the observations is that a suspected unseen planet, up to 20 times the mass of Jupiter and in an orbit within the secondary disk, is using gravity to sweep up material from the
primary disk.

"The Hubble observation shows that it is not simply a warp in the dust disk but two concentrations of dust in two separate disks," said lead astronomer David Golimowski of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. "The finding suggests that planets could be forming in two different planes. We know this can happen because the planets in our solar system are typically inclined to Earth's orbit by several degrees.
Perhaps stars forming more than one dust disk may be the norm in the formative years of a star system."

Computer models by David Mouillet and Jean-Charles Augereau of Grenoble Observatory in France suggest how a secondary dust disk can form. A massive planet in an inclined orbit gravitationally attracts
small bodies of rock and/or ice, called planetesimals, from the main disk, and moves them into an orbit aligned with that of the planet.

These perturbed planetesimals then collide with each other, producing the tilted dust disk seen in the new Hubble images. "The actual lifetime of a dust grain is relatively short, maybe a few hundred thousand years," Golimowski said. "So the fact that we can still see these disks around a 10- to 20-million-year-old star means that the dust is being replenished by collisions between planetesimals."
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Astronomers do not know how the massive planet, if it exists, settled into an inclined orbit. However, computer simulations by multiple research teams show planet embryos, which start out in a very thin
plane, can, through gravitational interactions, scatter into orbits that become inclined to the primary disk.

Beta Pictoris is located 63 light-years away in the southern constellation Pictor. Although the star is much younger than the sun, it is twice as massive and nine times more luminous. Beta Pictoris entered the limelight more than 20 years ago when the multinational Infrared Astronomical Satellite detected excess infrared radiation from the star. Astronomers attributed this excess to the presence of warm dust in a disk around the star. The dust disk was first imaged by ground-based telescopes in 1984. The images showed the disk is seen nearly edge-on from Earth. Hubble observations in 1995 revealed an apparent warp in the disk. Subsequent images obtained in 2000 by Hubble's Imaging Spectrograph confirmed the warp.

The latter study was led by Sara Heap of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. Heap and her colleagues suggested the apparent warp may be an unresolved secondary disk tilted about four
degrees from the main disk. Several teams of astronomers attributed the warp to a planet in a tilted orbit out of the plane of the main disk.

Astronomers using ground-based telescopes also found various asymmetries in the star's disk. Infrared images taken in 2002 by the Keck II Observatory in Hawaii showed that another smaller inner disk may exist around the star in a region the size of our solar system. Golimowski's team did not spot the inner disk because it is small and blocked by the Advanced Camera's coronagraph. This possible inner disk is tilted in the opposite direction from the disk seen in the new Hubble images. This misalignment implies the tilted disks are not directly related. Nevertheless, they both may bolster evidence for the existence of one or more planets orbiting the star.
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