F 0 0 T N 0 T E S

  1. Los Angeles, Noontide Press, 1966.
  2. Manifesto of the Communist Party. Moscow, Progress Publishers, 1969.
  3. See Carlos Moore, Were Marx and Engels White Racists?; Chicago, IPE,
     1972, p.12; W.F. Fleming, ed., The Works of Voltaire. New York, 1901 ,
     pp. 240-41 .
  4. Manifesto, op. cit., p. 47.
  5. See Moore, op. cit., p. 23.
  6. De Gobineau, op. cit., pp. 210-12.
  7. Marx and Engels, op. cit., p. 40.
  8. Marx and Engels, Oeuvres Choisies. Moscow, Editions de Progres, 1955,
      Vol. II, p. 554.
  9. Cited in Michael Traber, Rassismus und weisse Vorherrschaft. Niirnberg
     (Freiburg i. Ve., Lactare/Imba, pp. 11 -15 (our translation).
10. Ibid., p. 15.
11. Anthropologie, Frankfurt/M., Das Fischer Lexikon, Fischer Taschenbuch
      Verlag, 1973, pp. 187-215.
12. No Sizwe, One Azania, One Nation. London, Zed Press, 1979, pr. 132-36.
13. Ibid., p. 135.
14. See George Breitman, "When Race Prejudice Began", Fourth
      International, Spring 1954.
15. Cited in ibid.
16. Ibid.

17. Eric Williams Capitalism and Slavery. London, André Deutsch, 1975 P. 7.
18. Alem Mizgebe, "Language as a Tool of Racist Attitudes," New African,
      No. 169 (October, 1981), p. 14.
19. See Breitman, op. cit.
20. Franz J.T. Lee, "Das Südliche Afrika auf dem Weg zur Befreiung," ASTA-
      Brochure, Technische Universität Hannover, 1976, p. 6.
21. Monica Wilson and Leonard Thompson, eds., The Oxford History of South
      Africa. Vol. I, South Africa to 1870. London: Oxford University Press, 1975,
      pp. 75 - 95.
22. Sidney R. Welch, Portuguese Rule and Spanish Crown, 1581-1640. Cape
      Town & Johannesburg: Juta, 1950, pp. 80, 86, 90, 92-4.
23. F.A. Van Jaarsveld, New Illustrated History for Senior Certificate. Vol. I,
      South African History. Johannesburg: Voortrekkerpers, 1969, pp. 78-81,
      320 - 46.
24. Donald Moodie, The Record, MDCCCLX. (Amsterdam & Cape Town: Juta)
      pp. 3 - 4.
25. Ibid. p. 4.
26. Van Jaarsveld, op. cit., p. 24.
27. Isaac B. Tabata, Education for Barbarism. London: MacGibbon & Kee,
      1960, pp. 34 - 5.
28. See Wilson and Thompson, Oxford History... , II, op. cit., - . 371.
29. Eric Walker, History of South Africa. London: Cambridge University Press,
      1957, p. 99.
30. Van Jaarsveld, op. cit., pp. 68, 361.
31. Ibid., pp. 364 - 65.

32.  Ibid., pp. 45 - 53.
33. See Franz J.T. Lee, Südafrika am Vorabend der Revolution. Frankfurt am
      Main: ISP-Verlag, 1976, pp. 1 - 30.
34. See Wilson and Thompson, Oxford History . . . , II, op. cit., pp. 365-416.
35.  Ibid., pp. 406 - 7.
36.  OP. cit., p. 360.
37. United Nations Unit on Apartheid, Notes and Documents, No. 7/71, 1971;
      Official Yearbook of the Republic of South Africa, Pretroria, 1975,
      pp. 29-30.
38. See van Jaarsveld, op. cit., pp. 360-68; also, No Sizwe, op. cit., pp. 132 ff.
39.  No Sizwe, op. cit., pp. 189-96; Tony Thomas, The Freedom Struggle in
       South Africa. New York, Pathfinder Press, 1976; Ernest Harsch, South
       Africa, White Rule, Black Revolt. N.Y.: Monad Press, pp. 256 ff.
40. Van Jaarsveld, op. cit., pp. 369-80; also see Wilson and Thompson, op.
      cit., pp. 178-79, 408, 430 - 31.
41. No Sizwe, op. cit., pp 185-96; Harsch, op. cit.; pp. 300-20.
42.  In addition to works already cited, see Franz J.T. Lee, Krise in Südafrika.
       Zürich: Revolutionäre Marxistische Liga, 1977.
43. See Albie Sachs and Hilda Bernstein, Die Gesetze der Apartheid. Bonn:
      ISSA, 1976; Herbert Adam, Modernizing Racial Discrimination. Berkeley:
      University of California Press, 1971.

14. Bettina Decke, Industrialisierung und Herrschaft in Südafrika. Neuwied
      und Berlin, 1972; Ian Robertson and Phillip Whitten, eds., Race and
      Politics in South Africa. New Brunswick: Transaction Books, 1978,
      pp. 1 - 76.
45. See Julian R. Friedman, Basic Facts on the Republic of South Africa and
      the Policy of Apartheid, Notes and Documents. (U.N. Centre Against
      Apartheid), October, 1976.
46. No Sizwe, op. cit.; p. 157.
47. Rita Giacalone de Romero, Estudio Histórico de la Guyana Británica;
      Mérida: Trabajo de Ascenso, CEPSAL, U.L.A., 1981.
48. Vere T. Daly, A short History of the Guyanese People. Hong Kong:
      MacMillan, 1975, pp. 52 - 3; also, Dwarka Nath, A History of Guyana,
      Vol. I, London, 1975, pp. 34 - 5.
49. Daly, A short History, op.cit.; p. 52.
50. Nath, op. cit., p. 72.
51. Ibid.
52. Ibid., p. 76.
53. Ibid., p. 77.
54. Ibid., p. 79.
55. Vere, T. Daly, The Making of Guyana, London: McMillan, 1974; p. 87.
56. Nath, op. cit., p. 93.
57. The progeny of white and negro, white and mulatto, and mulatto and
      negro male/female pairs, respectively .
58. Daly, A short History, op.cit.; p. 168.
59. Eric Williams, Capitalism and Slavery, op.cit.; p. 28.
60. Daly, A short History, op.cit.; p. 174, See also, Alan, H. Adamson, Sugar
      without Slaves: The Political Economy of British Guiana, 1838-1904.
      New Haven: Yale University Press, 1972; pp. 44, 48.
61. Daly, A short History, op.cit.;  pp. 175 - 76.

62. Daly, A short History, op.cit.;  pp. 175 - 76.
63. See Nath, History of Guyana, op.cit., pp. 146 - 52.
64. Adamson, op. cit., p. 42.
65. Daly, A short History, op.cit. p. 181.
66. Adamson, op.cit., p. 46, See also, Roy Arthur Glasgow, Guyana: Race
      and Politics among Africans and East Indians. The Hague: Martinus
      Nijhoff, 1970, pp. 85 - 7; J.R. Mandle, The Plantation Economy: Population
      and Economic Change in Guyana. 1838 - 1960. Philadelphia: Temple
      University Press, 1973, esp. pp. 90 - 91; Dwarka Nath, A History of
      Indians in Guyana, London, 1970.
67. See Nath, History of Guyana, op.cit., Vol. I, pp. 204 - 10.
68. Daly, A Short History, op.cit.; p. 197.
69. Nath, History of Guyana, Vol. II, p. 154.
70. Ibid., pp. 154 - 55.
71. Ibid., p. 155. See also, Jagan, The West on Trial. The Fight for Guyana's
      Freedom; Seven Seas Publisher, Berlin, 1972, pp. 296 - 97.
72. See Ernst Halperin, Racism and Communism in British Guiana; Center for
      International Studies, Cambridge: MIT, 1964, pp. 11 - 14.
73. Harold A. Lutchman, From Colonialism to Cooperative Republic;
      Caribbean Monograph Series, No. 8, University o Puerto Rico, 1974,
      pp. 36 - 54.
74. See esp. The works of Daly, Nath, Jagan, and Burnham cited above.
75. Forbes Burnham, A Destiny to Mold, PNC publications, Georgetown,
      Guyana, 1961, p. 15.
76. Jagan, The West On Trial, op. cit.
77. Ibid., p. 289.
78. Ibid., p. 311.
79. Ibid., pp. 324 - 5.
80. Ibid., p. 175, Emphasis added.
81. Burnham, A Destiny to Mold, op. cit., pp. 7 - 8.
82. Co-operative Republic;  Guyana 1970. A publication of the Minstry of
      Education, Georgetown, June 1970; pp 12, 19.
83. Eusi Kwayana, in Caribbean Contact, Nov. & Dec. 1981. For background
      information to the 1968 elections, see: J.E. Greene, Race vs. Politics in
      Guyana, Institute of Social and Economic Research, UWI, Mona, 1974.
84. Kwayana, in: Carribean Contact; op. cit.
85. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The German Ideology, Progress
      Publishers, Moscow, 1976, p. 67.
86. Karl Marx, Critique of Political Economy, Kerr, Chicago, 1904, p. 11.
87. Ibid., p. 12.
88. See the analysis in: Lexikon zur Geschichte und Politik im  20.
      Jahrhundert. Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag (dtv), Band 3, München,
      1974, S. 667 - 668. Also: Wendell Bell & Walter E. Freeman (eds.),
      Ethnicity and Nation-Building: Comparative, International and Historical
      Perspectives, Sage, Beverly Hills / London, 1974, especially Chapter 5,
      L. Edmondson, "Caribbean Nation-Building and the Internationalization of
      Race Issues and Perspectives", pp. 73 - 84.
89. Henry Jocelyn M. Hubbard, Race and Guyana, The Anatomy of a Colonial
      Enterprise, People's Progressive Party, Georgetown, 1969, p. 86.