Unit 1 Study Guide

Introduction to Chemistry & the Classification of Matter

 

E6. Compare the physical and chemical characteristics of elements.

 

Activity #1 – Prelab for “Who Kidnapped Roger Rabbit?”

 

Chromatography is a method for analyzing complex mixtures (such as ink) by separating them into the chemicals from which they are made. Chromatography is used to separate and identify all sorts of substances in police work. Drugs from narcotics to aspirin can be identified in urine and blood samples, often with the aid of chromatography.

 

Open Paper Chromatography. Write a paragraph summarizing the instructions.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Activity #2: Classification of Matter

 

Click on the links, define the following words, and take the quizzes:

 

MATTER – definition

 

  1. mixture – definition

 

 

    1. homogeneous (solution) - definition

 

 

examples:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

 

    1. heterogeneous – definition

 

 



examples:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

 

  1. substance – definition

 

 

    1. element – definition

 

 

periodic table – definition

 

 

    1. compound – definition

 

 

 

DO YOU GET IT?

 

1)      quiz yourself

 

2)      quiz yourself

 

3)      quiz yourself – substance, homogeneous mixture (solution), heterogeneous mixture or heterogeneous solution?

 

a)      yogurt

 

b)      yogurt with real chunks of fruit

 

c)      enamel-based paint

 

d)      table salt

 

4)      quiz yourself – write ALL letters of samples that fit the descriptions.

 

 

5)      Need a break? Play Periodic Table Breakout , The First Twenty Elements Word Search, The First 20 Elements Jigsaw,


Activity #3: State of Matter

 

Read A View From a Distant Universe and answer these questions:

 

1)      Why do liquids and solids have a relatively fixed volume (subject to small expansions and contractions due to temperature), whereas the volume of a gas is much more variable?

 

 

 

 

 

2)      Why do crystalline solids have a fixed shape, whereas liquids and gases adapt to the shape of their containers?

 

 

 

 

 

3)      What is different about the way that liquids and gases adapt to their containers?

 

 

 

 

 

4)      What holds the molecules of a molecular liquid or solid together? Why doesn't this same factor hold for gases?

 

 

 

 

 

 

5)      What were the earliest two chemical elements?

 

 

 

 

 

6)      Why are these two elements so much rarer on Earth than they are in the universe as a whole?

 

 

 

 

Go to States of Matter.

 

7)      Write the correct phase next to the description.

a)      ____________ rigid, fixed volume, fixed shape

b)      ____________ definite volume, but no definite shape.

c)      ____________ no fixed shape, no fixed volume

 

8)      A phase diagram shows the temperature-pressure relations among the liquid, solid, and vapor states of a substance, Using the diagram below, what process is responsible for each of the following changes?

 

a)      solid ΰ liquid

 

b)      liquid ΰ solid

 

c)      liquid ΰ gas

 

d)      gas ΰ liquid

 

e)      gas ΰ solid

 

f)        solid ΰ gas

 

Activity #4 - Prelab for Lab 2.2: Mixture Separation

 

Open The Mixtures Lab and perform the experiment. Fill in the following table:

 

 

mixture

separation mechanism

physical properties of each component that allow separation

 

1

 

sand & iron filings

 

 

 

 

 

 

2

 

salad

 

 

 

 

 

 

3

 

salt & water

 

 

 

 

 

 

4

 

muddy water

 

 

 

 

 

 

5

 

dust in air

 

 

 

 

 

 

In your upcoming lab, you will be separating a mixture of sand, salt, iron filings and poppy seeds.

 

  1. What physical properties of each will help you to separate the components of this mixture?

 

    1. sand

 

    1. salt

 

    1. iron filings

 

    1. poppy seeds

 

 

  1. What methods might you use to separate them?

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. In what order will you separate them?

Activity #5: Properties and Changes

 

Open Properties and Changes and navigate through the tutorial using the arrow keys at the bottom. Define the following words (clicking on the words in the tutorial will give you a pop-up definition from the glossary):

 

1)      physical property

a)      definition

 

b)      examples:

i)        .

ii)       .

iii)     .

iv)     .

v)      .

vi)     .

vii)   .

 

2)      chemical property

a)      definition

 

b)      examples:

i)        .

ii)       .

iii)     .

 

3)      physical change

a)      definition

 

b)      are/are not easily reversible (circle one)

c)      examples

i)        .

ii)       .

 

4)      chemical change

a)      definition

 

b)      three conditions that must be met for a chemical change

i)        .

ii)       .

AND

iii)     .

 

c)      examples

i)        .

ii)       .

iii)     .

5)      extensive property

a)      definition

 

b)      example

 

6)      intensive property

 

a)      definition

 

b)      example

 

7)      quiz yourself

 

 

8)      Another quiz – Open Physical Vs Chemical Change and classify the following as a physical (P) or chemical (C) change.

a)      Frying an Egg _____

b)      Vaporization of Dry ice _____

c)      Boiling water _____

d)      Burning Gasoline _____

e)      Breaking Glass _____

f)        Souring Milk _____

g)      Compression of a spring _____

 

Activity #6 –Evidence for Chemical Changes (Class Demos)

 

  1. How do you know if a chemical change has occurred? Visit Chemical Change at Wikipedia and list ALL the things you should be looking for:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. Define the following:
    1. endothermic

 

 

    1. exothermic

 

 

    1. precipitate

 

 

  1. For each of the following demonstrations performed by your teacher, write down what evidence you observed that shows a chemical change took place. For reactions that involve an energy change, classify them as endothermic or exothermic.

 

    1. heating magnesium

 

 

 

    1. mixing a colorless solution of calcium chloride & sodium carbonate

 

 

 

    1. mixing a pale yellow solution of iron chloride and a colorless solution of potassium thiocyanate

 

 

 

    1. mixing solid magnesium and a solution of hydrochloric acid

 

 

 

    1. mixing a hydrochloric acid solution with a sodium hydroxide solutionmixing solid barium hydroxide and solid ammonium chloride

 

 

 

Activity #7 –Measuring Matter

 

1)      Open Measuring Matter and define:

 

a)      Inertia –

 

b)      Mass –

 

c)      Conservation of Mass –

 

d)      Volume –

 

e)      Density –

 

f)        Weight –

 

g)      Mole –

 

2)      Open Measuring Matter Crossword, do the puzzle online, check it, & fill it in below:

 

Review Activities:

 

  1. Go to Introduction to Chemistry Vocabulary for the clues to this crossword puzzle. Do it online and then fill in your answers below.

 

 

 


  1. Fill in this chart with the words below (have your teacher check this when you are done):

 

matter

substance

element

homogeneous

heterogeneous

chemically

physically

solution

alloy (bronze)

compound

quartz

granite

gold

mixture

 

 

 

 

UNIT 1 CHECKLISTS

 

Unit 1 Homework (check off when done and passed in):

_____ Science Help Online Worksheet 1-4a Classification of Matter

_____ Science Help Online Worksheet 1-8a Elemental Names and Symbols

_____ Activity 2.3: Elemental Test

_____ Science Help Online Worksheet 1-5a Properties of Matter

_____ Science Help Online Worksheet 1-5d Changes in Matter

 

 

Unit 1 Web Activities (check off when done and passed in):

_____ Web Activity 2.2, 2.4 - Distinguishing Elements, Compounds & Mixtures

_____ Worksheet 2.2, 2.3 - More Elements Compounds and Mixtures

_____ Density - Virtual Lab

 

 

Unit 1 Labs (check off when done and passed in):

_____ Who Kidnapped Roger Rabbit?

_____ Lab 2.2: Mixture Separation

_____ Experiment 2.3 – 2.4 Electrolysis of Water

_____ Lab Addition to Ch. 2 - Density

 

Unit 1 Charts and diagrams: