| THE PASSIVE FORMULA: BE + PAST PARTICIPLE *The object of an active verb becomes the subject of a passive verb. S V O Active: Mary cleans the house. S V Passive: The house is cleaned by Mary. S V O Active: George grew these vegetables. S V Passive: These vegetables were grown by George. |
| ACTIVE SIMPLE PRESENT: Tom opens the door. PRESENT CONTINUOUS: Tom is opening the door. SIMPLE FUTURE: Tom will open the door. BE GOING TO: Tom is going to open the door. SIMPLE PAST: Tom opened the door. PAST CONTINUOUS: Tom was opening the door. PRESENT PERFECT: Tom has opened the door. |
| PASSIVE The door is opened by Tom. The door is being opened by Tom. The door will be opened by Tom. The door is going to be opened by Tom. The door was opened by Tom. The door was being opened by Tom. Te door has been opened by tom. |
| STUDY THE CHANGES ACTIVE PASSIVE 1. Karen writes a letter. _____ A letter is written by Karen. 2. Kare is writing a letter. _____ A letter is being written by Karen. 3. Karen will write a letter. _____ A letter will be written by Karen. 4. Karen is going to write a letter. _____ A letter is going to be written by Karen. 5. Karen wrote a letter. _____ A letter was written by Karen. 6. Karen was writing a letter. _____ A letter was being written by Karen. 7. Karen has written a letter. _____ A letter has been written by Karen. |
| NEGATIVE FORM |
| ACTIVE Mary doesn’t help John. Mary isn’t helping John. Mary won’t help John. Mary isn’t going to help John. Mary didn’t help John. Mary wasn’t helping John. Mary hasn’t helped John. |
| PASSIVE John isn’t helped by Mary. John isn’t being helped by Mary. John won’t be helped by Mary. John isn’t going to be helped by Mary. John wasn’t helped by Mary. John wasn’t being helped by Mary. John hasn’t been helped by Mary. |
| QUESTION FORM |
| ACTIVE Does Luis make a cake? Is Luis making a cake? Will Luis make a cake? Is Luis going to make a cake? Did Luis make a cake? Was Luis making a cake? Has luis made a cake? |
| PASSIVE Is a cake made by Luis? Is a cake being made by Luis? Will a cake be made by Luis? Is a cake going to be made by Luis? Was a cake made by Luis? Was a cake being made by Luis? Has a cake being made by Luis? |
| WHO ................ BY? / BY WHOM............? |
| ACTIVE PASSIVE Who washes the dishes? _____ Who are the dishes washed by? By whom are the dishes washed? Who is washing the dishes? _____ Who are the dishes being washed by? By whom are the dishes being washed? Who will wash the dishes? _____ Who will the dishes be washed by? By whom will the dishes be washed? Who is going to wash the dishes? _____ Who are the dishes going to be washed by? By whom are the dishes going to be washed? Who washed the dishes? _____ Who were the dishes washed by? |