| Revision Chart over ... Present Simple Past Simple Subject + verb1 (-s) Subject + verb 2 ... I watch TV at night. I watched TV last night. She sometimes goes to the cinema. She went to the cinema yesterday. Subject + do + not + verb1 Subject + did + not + verb1 I don’t watch TV at night. I didn’t watch TV last night. She doesn’t go to the cinema very often. She didn’t go to the cinema yesterday. Do(-es) + Subject + Verb1...? Did + Subject + Verb1...? Do you watch TV at night? Did you watch TV last night? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. Yes, I did./No, I didn’t. Does she go to the cinema very often? Did she go to the cinema yesterday? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t. Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. Wh- + do(-es) + subject + verb1...? Wh- + did + subject + verb1...? What do you do at night? What did you do last night? Where does she go sometimes ? Where did she go yesterday? *Who lives in this house? *Who lived in this house? *What makes you carzy? *What made you crazy? * No need for an auxiliary verb if you ask about the subject – the doer of the action. PASSIVE VOICE (is done / was done) Somebody cleans the office every day. (active) The office is cleaned every day. (passive) Somebody cleaned the office yesterday. (active) The office was cleaned yesterday. (passive) The passive form is: be + past participle (verb3) Present Simple am/is/are cleaned/done Past Simple was/were made/painted invented/written Examples for the present passive: Buter is made from milk. Oranges are imported into Britain. I am never invited to parties. Football is played in most countries of the world. How often are the classrooms cleaned? Examples for the past passive: This school was built 121 years ago. These houses were built 100 years ago. When was the telephone invented? We weren’t invited to the party last week. “Was anybody injured in the accident?” “Yes, two people were taken rto the hospital.” Passive + by ... The exam papers are marked by the teachers carefully. The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876. My mother was bitten by a dog last week. We were woken up by a loud noise. AUXILIARY VERBS I am reading one of Hemingway’s books these days. Can you speak German? I have done my homework. Hank might not come to the meeting tomorrow. Do you think they will win the match? In these sentences, am, can, have, might, do and will are auxiliary (helping) verbs. *We use them in short answers when we don’t want to repeat something. “Are you coming to the party?” “Yes, I am.” (I am coming to the party.) Jack likes soap operas, but I don’t. He can give us the money but he won’t. “Does he smoke?” “He did but he doesn’t anymore.” *We use them in short questions. (to show interest) “I feel ill today.” “Do you?” “It was a very boring meeting.” “Was it?” “Ted didn’t visit us last week?” “Oh, didn’t he?” “I’ve just seen Tom.” “Oh, have you? How is he?” “Ali and Ayþe are getting married?” “Are they? Really?” Exercises: Answer in the same way shown Examples: I’m hungry. .....Are you? I’m not........ I’m not tired.” ......Aren’t you? I am...... 1. I like Brian. ................................ 2. I can’t ride a horse. ............................ 3. I’ve got a lot of friends. .................... 4. I didn’t enjoy the film much. .................... 5. I don’t like living in the country. ........................ 6. I’ve never been abroad. .......................... 7. I slept well last night. ............................. 8. I’m not going to study English today. ........................ So and Neither We also use auxiliary verbs with so and neither: (to say that we think the same way, we feel the same way or we are in the same situation.) “I’m from Kastamonu.” “I’m from Kastamonu too.” / “Me too.” “So am I.” “I don’t live in a big city.” “I don’t live in a big city either.” “Neither do I.” “I’m feeling tired.” “So am I.” (I’m feeling tired too.) “I never watch horror films.” “Neither do I.” (I don’t watch horror films either.” “I passed the exam.” “So did Tom.” (Not So tom did.) “I’ve been to Antalya once.” “So have I.” “I can’t play football well.” “Neither can I.” *Nor can be used instead of neither. “I haven’t got any money.” “Nor have I. / Neither have I.” “I can’t remember his name.” “Nor can I. / Neither can I.” Exercises: Use “So ...” or “Neither ...” Examples: I’m feeling well. ....So am I .... I don’t like eggs. ....Neither do I... 1. I need a holiday. ............................ 2. I don’t like milk. ............................ 3. I couldn’t get up this morning. .................. 4. I’d like a cup of tea. ........................ 5. I’ve never been to Paris. ....................... 6. I was ill yesterday ................ 7. I should smoke less. .................. 8. I spent the whole evening watching television. ............................... 9. I didn’t know that Mike was in hospital. ............................ The Present Perfect Tense Dialogue - Is Tom studying English? - No, he has studied English. He’s doing his Maths homework now. - What about you? - I have done my Maths homework. I’m studying English now. Have/has + past participle (verb 3) do – did – done Example situation 1 His shoes are dirty. He is cleaning them now. He’s cleaned them. Present perfect (His shoes are clean now. – connection with now) I cleaned my shoes an hour ago but they are dirty again. Ex. Sit. 2 Linda and Jenny are in the classroom now. They are going out. They’ve gone out. They are not in here now. Connection with now They went outside five minutes ago. They are in here again. I studied He studied We have (’ve) done She has (’s) done You have not cleaned It has not cleaned They (haven’t) gone (hasn’t) gone I studied we done he studied Have you cleaned ? Has she done ? they gone it cleaned / gone Regular verbs: The past participle is –ed (the same as the past simple) *The spelling and pronounciation of regular verbs (d): opened/rain/close/cleaned/ironed/comb/played/answered/planned studied/carried/fried/tried /tidy (t): asked/worked/looked/passed/crossed/watched/reached/washed/finished helped/stopped (ed): added/ended/mended/painted/started/visited/waited/hated Irregular verbs: Sometimes the same as the past simple, sometimes different I bought / I’ve bought he had / he has had I broke / I’ve broken you saw / you have seen Cut cut cut / hit hit hit / shut shut shut / put put put / read read read Get got got / have had had / make made made / meet met met / sit sat sat Do did done / go went gone / eat ate eaten / drive drove driven / swim swam swum Write wrote written Come came come / run ran run We use The Present Perfect for an action in the past with a result now I’ve lost my pen. (I can’t find it now.) We have bought a new car. (We have a new car now.) Mehmet has gone out. (He is not in the class now.) He has washed his hands. (His hands are clean now.) It has rained. (The ground is wet now.) The picture has fallen down. (It’s on the floor now.) I’ve opened the door. (It’s open now.) It’s Bill’s birthday tomorrow. I haven’t bought him a present. He hasn’t finished his Geography homework. He’s drawing the map of Turkey now. Just already yet Just: a short time ago A: Are Dave and Jane here? B: Yes, they’ve just come. A: Are you hungry? B: No, I’ve just had lunch. A: Is Tom here? B: No, he’s just gone. Already: before expected · It’s only nine o’clock and Ann has (’s) already gone to bed. A: What time are Diane and Paul coming? B: They’ve already come. A: John, this is Mary. B: Yes, I know. We’ve already met. Yet: until now (in negatives and questions) A: Are Diane and Paul here? B: No, they haven’t arrived yet. A: Does John know you’re going away? B: No, I haven’t told him yet. · Margaret has bought a new dress but she hasn’t worn it yet. A: Have Diane and Paul arrived yet? B: No, not yet. We’re still waiting for them. A: Has Linda started her new job yet? B: No, she starts next week. A: This is my new dress. B: Have you worn it yet. We use the Present Perfect to talk about our life experiences. I’ve been to many cities in Turkey. But I’ve never been abroad. I’ve translated three books. But I’ve never written a book myself. I’ve ridden a horse once. But I’ve never played jereed in my life. Have you ever ...? “Have you ever been to Rome?” “Yes, I have. Many times.” “Have you ever been to Japan?” “No, never.” “Has he ever flown in a plane?” “Yes, a few times.” “Has he ever flown a plane?” “No, never.” been and gone You can’t say I’ve gone to New York. You should say I’ve been to New York. “Where’s Bill?” “He’s away. He’s gone to Spain.” (Bill is in spain now.) “Hello, Bill. Where have you been?” “Hello. I’ve been on Holiday. I’ve been to Spain.” (Bill went to Spain but now he is back.) I can’t find Susan. Where has she gone? Oh, hello Susan! Where have you been? How long have you ...? How long have you been in Turkey? How long have you been married? How long has he worked in that factory? How long has she played for the team? How long have they lived in Ýstanbul? For and since For: I’ve been in Turkey for two weeks. I’ve been married for five years. He’s worked in that factory for a long time. She’s played for the team for six months. They’ve lived in Ýstanbul for 20 years. Since: I’ve been in Turkey since November. I’ve been married since 2001. He’s worked in that factory since 1985. She’s played for the team since last year. They’ve lived in Ýstanbul for 1987. *I’ve known him since I was 10 years old. We have done a lot of exercises since we started our lesson. She’s made many friends since she came to Turkey. |
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| This book was written by Zana Muhsen and translated into Turkish by Serdar Uçar. |