In 1966, the National Academy of Sciences launched a research project which resulted in the publication of a paper titled "Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society." While outlining the inadequacies of emergency medical care, it criticized both prehospital emergency care and hospital emergency rooms. This document, more commonly known as "The White Paper", led the charge in redesigning emergency care, both in the hospital, and on the streets. It called for more stringent guidelines to be placed on emergency care workers throughout the nation, and requested the updating of ambulances to the extent that they were no longer just a rapid transport vehicle, but a medical care facility on wheels. Prior to 1966, ambulances were no more than hearses, driven by funeral home directors whose main goal was to pick up the patient and drive them as fast as possible to the hospital. Unfortunately for the patient, this tactic of "scoop and run" would have saved a lot of time and effort if the driver would have gone straight back to the funeral home, due to the lack of care for the patient. The prehospital death rates in those days were astronomical.
New guidelines were set up by the US Department of Transportation outlining a training curriculum for the Emergency Medical Technician, a professionally trained provider of Basic Life Support, certified through his training. The EMT would be trained to administer oxygen, apply splints to fractured extremities, bandage wounds to control bleeding, immobilize patients who had potentially dangerous spinal cord injuries, and perform Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) on patients who had no pulse.
Information about the EMT's training spread around the globe, and soon reached Dr. J. Frank Pantridge in the Royal Victoria Hospital in Belfast, Ireland, who introduced the idea of Advanced Cardiac Life Support for the prehospital setting. Soon, the US followed his lead, and introduced specialized training for EMTs which enabled them to perform functions previously reserved for physicians such as intravenous access (IVs), administering medications, defibrillation (jump starting the heart), endotracheal intubation (inserting a tube into the airway to breathe for patients who had stopped), and other advanced medical skills. This was the dawn of the Paramedic, the ALS (Advanced Life Support) provider. Popularized in 1971 by the TV show Emergency, with it's two savvy paramedics, Johnny Gage and Roy DeSoto, the paramedic field rapidly grew into what it is today. Prehospital mortality rates plummeted, and people began to feel secure that emergency help was available--and effective. The days of scoop and run hearse rides to the ER were over, replaced with the Mobile Intensive Care Unit (MICU) with all the necessary equipment and trained personnel to carry out nearly any emergency treatment necessary for the patient while enroute to the hospital.
I shall also share my medical knowledge with those who may benefit from what I have learned. I will serve unselfishly and continuously in order to help make a better world for mankind.
While I continue to keep this oath unviolated, may it be granted to me to enjoy life and the practice of my art, respected by all men, in all times. Should I trespass or violate this oath, may the reverse be my lot. So help me God.