In the Ancient Nile Valley Civilization, Hieroglyphs were EVERWHERE!
 

 

Central to the pectoral is the glass Scarab, which is read "kheper" or "xpr" [Using computer transliteration, I shall write the Mdw-Ntr word in red text that is spelled by the various Hieroglyphs.]

xpr means "coming into being" or "becoming".  Now, this glass xpr is particularly precious because it is carved from glass that was created by the impact of an exterrestial body crashing into the earth.  No!  It has nothing to do with spaceships or aliens from outer space, it was merely a meteor.  But still, that is pretty spectacular!

The xpr has the falcon wings and tail feathers of Horus "Hrw", [Compare with Hrw] as the king was the Horus on earth.  The Hrw / xpr holds the papyrus plant "mhti" [the symbol for lower Kemet "qm.t"] in his left claw and the lotus "zSSni" [symbol for upper qm.t] in his right claw.  In each claw, the Hrw / xpr holds a "Sn" together with the flowers.  The Hieroglyph "Sn" which is a determinative for circle in the word "Snw".  This hieroglyph has been used to mean both "eternity" and "protection".  By doing this, the Hrw / xpr binds the two lands together and protects them forever.
 
 

The Hrw / xpr also holds aloft the sacred barque "wiA", which carries the left eye of Horus [The Wedjat - the "lunar eye"  the moon] "wDAt" which is crowned with the crescent moon "iaH". [The right eye of Horus is the "solar eye" - the sun.] The Wedjat is protected by a uraneus "iart" at either end of the wiA.

The scene in the ra is the heart of the text.
 

A sun disc "ra"is surmounted over the iaH; and within that ra are the images of the departed young king with Toth "DHwti" to his left, and Horus "Hrw" to his right.  Each of the figures has a ra on his head [which I know is very hard to see in this picture], but the king's ra is cradled in a iaH; which is a repitetion of the ra in the iaH of the wiA.

Tutankhamen is being passed from DHwti to Hrw, because DHwti has just recorded that the deceased young king has just successfully passed his judgment, and his heart has witnessed the truth of his words [we will talk about the judgment of the dead at another time].  And now Tutankhamen is considered "justified" or "true of voice" "mAa-xrw" and he is about to be led to the god Great Osiris "Asir", by Hrw.

If you look very closely at the ra, you can see that the arms and hands of both Dhwti and  Hrw form the deteminative for embrace "hpt", so it tells us that Tutankhamen is mAa-xrw.

The deceased king being mAa-xrw means that he first had to testify before the gods to his virtues during life by reciting a list of negative things that he did not do.  After his testimony is given, his heart is then weighed against Maat's feather of truth "mAat" and if the king did not lie, his heart will be as light as mAat but if the weight of lies makes his heart heavy, the scales will tilt against him, and... [Well, that's another story.]

The small round stones and golden bar below the Hrw / xpr represent the earth "ta".  And on the other side of the ta are mhti, zSSni and xpr arranged alternatively.  The representations of the flowers are inverted relative to the Hrw / xpr and the wiA, but the xpr at the bottom remain oriented with the king.  This is probably because the king is entering the land of the night and will travel through the Duat [underworld] with Asir.  And in the land of the living, [the land of the mhti, and the zSSni] there are many ra which in this case, represent the passage of a great deal of time, or many, many days, which are: "hrw".

If you look back up at the complete picture, you will see on either side of the Hrw / xpr a protective iart.  The tails of these two protectors reach all the way up to the wiA [which is protected by it own pair of iart so that the entire composition associated with the departed king is so protected].

So, you see, where ever you look, you can read Hieroglyphs in the artifacts of Kemet.

Well come back to Tutankhamen and the XVIIIth Dynasty another day.  But now, lets move on and take a look at Gender.

Jim Loy has a web site that gives a brief discourse on gender.  Unfortunately, I do not think Jim's approach is the clearest, and I am currently searching for a better site that explains gender.

OKAY!! HERE IS A BETTER EXERCISE ON GENDER.  I am skipping a few lessons, but we can come back to them.  If you have finished looking at Jim Loy's page on gender, now take a look at this Ancient Egyptian Language (AEL) page where Geoffrey Graham presents an exercise on Nouns, Gender and Adjectives.  Also the hieroglyphs in this exercise are hand drawn, which gives a failry good idea about what it takes to produce hieroglyphs.    So click the button below and take another (and better) look at gender, along with nouns and adjectives.

ARE YOU GETTING THE HANG OF GENDER IN MDW-NTR?  Just to make sure, here are some words that represent corresponding ideas in the male and female gender.
 

	Man / Woman
	Man / Woman or Wife
	Wife or Woman / Husmand
	Father / Mother
	Son / Daughter
	Brother / Sister
	Family [Since we listed family members]

Jim Loy also has a page on Prepositions; again, it is not the clearest, but bear with me until I find something better or write something that is a little bit more clear.

Times Up!  Gotta Go; but there is still more coming for page 5.

Index Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 Page 5 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 9 Notes Page Help Page

For more on the ANCIENT NILE VALLEY CIVILIZATION, Go To:  THE Km.T LIBERATION FRONT

Click the Picture of Akenaten and
visit the Author's other website
at the "Km.T Liberation Front."
 

This site was created and prepared by Oscar H. Blayton (c) 2000-2002

Email me at: Blayton_Law@sprynet.com
 

 

Last Updated 4/3/02