JAPANESE HISTORY
Tokugawa Japan 1600-1878
1
Control system
2
Collapse of Tokugawa Shogunate
3
Downfall of Tokugawa Shogunate
4
Note
Meiji Japan 1878-1912
1
Introduction
2
Charter Oath
3
Abolition of feudalism
4
Political Modernization
5
Economic Modernization
6
Military Modernization
> 7 Education Modernization
8
Note - Rise of militarism
All rights reserved - 2003- By C.F.Cheng
Education modernization
Aim: to seek knowledge throughout the world
- western knowledge
- talents - to replace foreign experts
- education - an instrument of the state
- adopted western system of education, western subjects,
curriculum (US, France, Germany)
- US - system of primary & secondary education
- France - university
- Germany - vocational training
- 1871, department of education was established
- 1872, compulsory education was put into effect
- western knowledge & science were taught
- teachers' training colleges, commercial & industrial
institutions
- 1877, Tokyo Imperial University
- sent students to study abroad
- foreign teachers were invited to Japan
- but were replaced as quickly as possible by Japanese
assistants or student
- popularising western knowledge - to learn western
superiority
- Translation Bureau
¡@
Strict government
control of education - far from liberal
- ensured close government control over the new system
- 1890 Imperial Rescript
- guaranteed that future generations would accept imperial
authority without question
- government made use of education to teach loyalty to
emperor, nationalist spirit
- students were taught total & unquestioned loyalty to
emperor
- students were taught that to improve their skills meant
to increase the strength of the nation
- absolute loyalty & obedience were stressed
- spirit in education system was still very Japanese -
loyalty, worship, Shintoism
- successful
- to ensure the creation of the new generation was loyal
& obedient to the Meiji government
- ideological indoctrination on the young generation
- 'what to think rather than how to think' ¡V militant
nationalism
- 'to benefit the country, not the pupils'
- free thinking & a questioning mind were suppressed
- students had blind obedience & loyalty
- ultra-nationalism
- finally leaded to the rise of militarism &
expansionist aggression in Asia
- education - success in other modernization programmes
- greater social & national unity
- conflicts between social classes were minimized
- increase social literacy
- greater political consciousness among the people
- people began to demand more political rights
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