This of course is not a topic that Chomsky goes at length to discuss. However, it is a fascinating and largely sympathetic quote:

Question [someone in the audience]: "How could you use the recent findings discussed in these lectures in the teaching of languages and translation, and how do you account for connotations and other problems which remain outside of what you have been talking about?"

Answer [Chomsky]: "Let me make a general statement. People who are involved in some practical activity such as teaching languages, translations, or building bridges should probably keep an eye on what's happening in the sciences. But they probably shouldn't take it too seriously because the capacity to carry out practical activities without much conscious awareness of what you're doing is usually far more advanced than scientific knowledge. The history of the physical sciences is interesting in this respect. Engineers knew how to do all sorts of complicated and amazing things for hundreds of years. It wasn't until the mid-nineteenth century that physics began to catch up and to provide some understanding that was actually useful for engineers. Now physics in the nineteenth century was vastly more advanced than our understanding of languages today, and building bridges is much less complex than what is actually taking place in the teaching of languages or translating. So I think the answer to your question is, I don't think modern linguistics can tell you very much of practical utility. I think it's a good idea to pay attention to what it is doing and to see if it gives you some ideas that might enable a translator or teacher to do better, but that's really for the person involved in the practical activity to decide.

"Psychology and linguistics have caused a good deal of harm by pretending to have answers to those questions and telling teachers and people who deal with children how they should behave. Often the ideas presented by the scientists are totally crazy and they may cause trouble."

Question and Answer Session (page 180)
Lecture 4, discussions, Language and Problems of Knowledge: The Managua Lectures, MIT Press 1988, ISBN 0 262 53070 8