Astronomy Dictionary
Chandrasekhar Limit

Scientific:
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Simple: The maximum possible mass of a white dwarf star, which is 1.44 times greater than the Sun's mass, meaning a star that reaches the mass limit it will be unable to support itself against the inward pull of it's own gravity and would collapse to become a neutron star or a black hole. This information was discovered by and named after Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar.

Dichotomy

Scientific: The moment when a planetary disk appears exactly half-illuminated by the Sun, as seen from Earth, partcularly pertaining to the moon.

Simple: The phase of the moon or planet when half of it's body is visible.

Geosynchronous


Scientific: Pertaining to a satellite traveling in an orbit above the Earth's equator that matches the Earth's speed and remains in the same spot over the Earth.

Simpler: An orbit that completes one revolution the same rate at which Earth spins. (Geostationary).

Heliographic Coordinates


Simple: The latitides and longitudes of the sun's surface. Real toughie.

Helioseismology


Simple: The study of the Sun's interior by observing the oscillations of it's surface.

Radioheliograph


Simple: A radio telescope designed to observe and map the Sun.

Spectroheliokinematograph

Simple: A special camera used to film the sun.





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