ASSIGNMENT 3

How can you proof bioinformatically that Neanderthal man is closed to modern human than other apes, namely, gorillas, chimpanzees, bonobos, siamamgs, orangutans, and gibbons ?

Page 1

Hence: Phylogenetic tree analysis

Firstly, find the sciencetific names of all primates from "Wikipedia" and "Mammal Species of the World (MSW)" as follow;                               Neanderthal man:       Homo sapiens neanderthalensis                               Modern human:          Homo sapiens                               Chimpanzee:              Pan trogodytes                               Gorilla:                        Gorilla gorilla                               Bonobo:                     Pan paniscus                               Siamang:                    Symphalangus syndactylus                               Orangutan:                Pongo pygmaeus                               Gibbon:                      Hylobates lar (Homo lar)

Secondly, use sciencetific name to search information from "Toxonomy browser" in "NCBI" web page by typing the name in "search for" then click "Go". The page as below will be seen.

Type in "Homo sapiens neanderthalensis" then click "Go", and click on the name appeared, you will get the information page like this. From the "Entrez records" at the upper right corner table, choose the "Direct links" of "Nucleotide" then click on number "1,335". This will open "Entrez Nucleotide" page of "search Nucleotide for txid63221[Organism: noexp]" then add in the word "+mitochondrial" after the word "txid63221[Organism: noexp]" then click "Go".

From the page appeared, choose "number 3: DQ464008 Homo sapiens neanderthalensis from Belgium D - loop, partial sequence; mitochondrial" and click on. The data in GenBank format will be loaded, change the data format to "fasta" and save to notepad in the name of "Mitochondrial DNA.txt".