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ASSIGNMENT 3     cont.

From BioEdit program, click on "File" on tool bar to "Open" file name "Mitochondrial DNA.txt" from reserved directory. This will place all 8 nucleotide sequences of Neanderthal, Human, Chimpanzee, Gorilla, Bonobo, Saimang, Orangutan and Gibbon to the windows. Choose 2 of them i.e. Neanderthal and Human, Neanderthal and Chimpanzee, Neanderthal and Gorilla, Neanderthal and Bonobo, Neanderthal and Saimang, Neanderthal and Orangutan and Neanderthal and Gibbon to run "Sequence" "Pairwise alignment". Because Neanderthal nucleotide sequence has the shortest number of nucleotide sequences. When pairwise alignment had been completely run, cut out all sequences which were not matched to Neanderthal nucleotide sequence to minimized sequences of the others. There are 123 nt for Neanderthal, 121 nt for Human, 121 nt for Chimpanzee, 112 nt for Orangutan, 125 nt for Gorilla, 120 nt for Bonobo, 137 nt for Gibbon and 116 nt for Saimang. Then save the file in "fasta" format in the name "Mitochondrial DNA.fas". Close program "BioEdit".

From Desktop, click on "Genious" icon to open program.

From "Genious" program, click on "Local" directory to create "New folder" named "Assignment3". Click on "File" to "Import" "From file" "Mitochondrial DNA.fas", then click on "Alignment" and then "Tree" on tool bars. The phylogenetic tree of primates shown that Neanderthal man has shared the same node of Human. It means that Neanderthal man is close to modern human than other apes.