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Hvordan ser frem- tiden ud for det andet internet! Man er ved at have fundet en løsning på antallet af internetadresser, fordi der udvides med nye
domænenavne som .nation; .tele; .ditten og datten.
W3 org Ministeriet for Videnskab, teknologi og udvikling
Sample XML document
This is the sample XML document that we will use for this exercise:
FileCab
This chapter describes the commands that manage
the FileCabinet application.
Note that the first element, , surrounds the entire document. Therefore, it is the document element of this document instance. It is also the child of a root node that is defined to always be the top node of any parsed XML document.
Concept: Source document viewed as a tree
This is how the source XML document may be represented after it has been parsed, as the first stage in XSL processing.
For another way of viewing the parsed source tree for this document, see the definition for walking a tree
The Voice XML document shown in Listing 1 has one form that prompts the user to choose a beverage from three developer favorites. The prompt can be presented through a prerecorded audio file or it can be generated via text-to-speech. Voice XML does not specify audio file formats.
The element points to a grammar file in which the possible answers are defined. In this case, the grammar uses the Java Speech Grammar Format (JSGF). A conforming Voice XML grammar will specify a set of utterances that a user may speak to perform an action or supply information. It will then provide a corresponding string value (in the case of a field grammar) or set of attribute-value pairs (in the case of a form grammar) to describe the information or action.
The application will repeat the prompt until the user responds. Input can come from speech recognition, touch-tone characters, or recordings. Production Voice XML applications will take advantage of exception handling and default behaviors to be more user friendly in these cases. For example, a link element could be used to jump to a live operator whenever the user resorts to saying "help" or "operator."
If the user chooses one of the three recognized answers, the field exits and the flow of the document lead to the block element where the form input is submitted to an Active Server Page called “orderbeverage.asp.” Because the Voice XML gateway (called the interpreter context) is directing content requests to a plain old Web server, a Voice XML document can request static content or dynamic content via Active Server Pages, Java Server Pages, CGI scripts, or any other server-side application service.
More sophisticated Voice XML applications are created using elements and client-side scripting. Subdialogs are subroutines that allow the reuse of common chunks of Voice XML code, such as those that prompt for passwords and credit card information. Subdialogs use ECMAScript-style objects to return results. (ECMAScript is the standardized version of JavaScript.)
Motorola and IBM are taking active roles in building Voice XML tools for developers. IBM alphaWorks has a Voice XML SDK (see Resources) that includes a beta version voice browser, the ViaVoice runtime engines for speech recognition, text-to-speech and other services, and good documentation and samples. IBM’s Voice XML SDK requires the IBM Java Runtime Environment Version 1.2.2.
Motorola’s Mobile Application Development Kit is an integrated development and simulation tool. The Mobile ADK supports both WML and Voice XML application development.
I encourage you to check out Voice XML. It’s wise to know all of your options for distributing content to all of your users -- the Web is not just visual anymore.
Jeff Jurvis is a principal consultant in the n-tier and information appliances practices of Rainier Technology, Inc., a software and infrastructure solutions provider in Minneapolis, MN. You can contact him at jeff.jurvis@rainier.com.
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