| The Fundamental Methods of Bioinformatics and Gene Analysis |
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- DNA and Protein alignments are the most essential tool in Bioinformatics.
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+H ++K TI LFNGFF +M++ F YGRKP +WW+ D +PV+G+D+T
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- Purposes of DNA and Protein alignments:
- To search for homology between sequences[1].
- To assess the quality of gene-sequencing or gene-finding.[2]
- To search databases of genes which have already been sequenced.
- When aligning more than two sequences, to reconstruct phylogeny.
- Also for alignments of more than two sequences, to infer protein structure.[1]
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Definitions:
- Homology
- an evolutionary relationship between two sequences in that they share a common ancestor, usually unknown. Similarity of structural folds is considered the "gold standard" of homology[1].
- Orthology
- Homologous genes found in the genomes of different species.
- Paralogy
- Homologous genes which occur in the same genome, almost always as a result of gene duplication.
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