| What Does Acid Mean? Acid is a substance with a sour taste that will react with a base to form a salt. Acids turn blue litmus paper (also called pH paper) red. Strong acids can burn your skin. BACK TO TOP |
| What Is PH? A pH scale is used to measure the amount of acid in a liquid—like water. The acid content is based on the concentration of hydrogen ions and is expressed as "pH." This scale is used to measure the acidity of rain samples. BACK TO TOP |
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| Where is Acid Rain A Problem? Acid rain is a problem in eastern Canada because many of the water and soil systems in this region lack natural alkalinity—such as a lime base—and therefore cannot neutralize acid naturally. Provinces that are part of the Canadian Precambrian Shield, like Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, are hardest hit because their water and soil systems cannot fight the damaging consequences of acid rain. In fact, more than half of Canada consists of susceptible hard rock (i.e., granite) areas that cannot neutralize the effects of acid rain. If the water and soil systems were more alkaline—as in Western Canada—they could neutralize or "buffer" against acid rain naturally. BACK TO TOP |
| Have Sulphur Diozide emissions changed at all? Initiated in 1985, the Eastern Canada Acid Rain program committed Canada to cap SO2 emissions in the seven provinces from Manitoba eastward at 2.3 million tonnes by 1994, a 40% reduction from 1980 levels. By 1994, all seven provinces had achieved or exceeded their targets. In 1997, emissions in eastern Canada totalled just 1.75 million tonnes — 24% below the 2.3-million tonne cap and a 54% reduction from 1980 levels. BACK TO TOP |
| Have Nitrogen Ozide emissions changed at all? So far, Canadian NOX emissions have declined slightly, from 2.1 million tonnes in 1990 to 2.0 million tonnes in 1995. This is largely a result of industrial process changes, retrofitting of fossil-fueled power plants, and provincial and federal programs targeting mobile sources. BACK TO TOP |
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