The Enfolding Universe Encompassing Consciousness and Matter
The Two-Way Flow
An Unifying Approach to the Formation of Consciousness and Matter
STRINGS, LOOPS AND SYNCHRONAL FOLDS
Introductory Remarks
and
THE UNIFIED THEORY
by
WILSON OGG
The Two-Way Flow
An Unifying Approach to the Formation of Consciousness and Matter
STRINGS, LOOPS AND SYNCHRONAL FOLDS
Introductory Remarks
Under String cosmology (see The Myth of The Beginning of Time by Gabriele Veneziano, Scientific American, May 2004}, which sets forth "a full quantum theory of gravity," a minimal quantum of length is introduced as a "fundamental constant of nature." The theory accepts the big bang, but does not recognize the big bang as involving a moment of infinite density, with the universe perhaps predating it. The symmetries of the theory suggests that time does not have a beginning or an end. The universe might have been empty before building up to the big bang or it might have gone through a cycle of death and rebirth. In any event, the pre-bang epoch would have shapped the present-day cosmos.
The theory of loop quantum gravity presupposes time and space as untimately grainy, not smooth {see Atoms of Time and Space by Lee Smolin, Scientific American , January, 2004}. Although we perceive space and time to be continuous, under the theory time and space come in discrete pieces. Thus, there may be "atoms" of space, or irreducible pieces of volume that cannot be broken into anything smaller. As to time, does the world evolve in tiny steps, similar to a digital computer?
What would be strings or loops under these quantum theories of gravity might be described as synchronal folds, which with equal probability would be either syclinal or anticlinal folds of force and form in the enfolding universe recognized by the Unified Theory. It is the folding together of centripetal and centrifugal force with form that gives rise to time and space in the manifested universe.
The string theory presupposes a minimal quantum of length as a new fundamental constant of nature. Thus, the theory is based upon the assumption of the finite divisibility of time and space. If space is based upon finite units, time must equally be based upon finite units. The theory would also necessarily presuppose a finite unit of motion since motion is the movement of space within time. Since the fundmental unit of length is absolute, the theory is inherently contradictory. There could not be an absolute unit of space without absolutes of time and motion. Thus, the asserted length could not be absolute.
The theory does not recognize that quanta of space, time, and motion, although they constitute finite units, are as finite units infinitely divisible. Thus, a particlar quantum of length could not be a fundamental unit but must be relative to its particular location in space/time. Infinity of space is not only infinite in extension but also infinite in divisibility, and infinity of time is not only infinite in duration but also infinite in divisibility. In other words, infinity is necessarily four dimensional, being infinite not only microcosmically and macrocosmically but also infinite in extension and duration.
Once the Big Bang theory is accepted, it is meaningless to speak of the universe before the big bang for the reason that it is the big bang that explains the universe. If the big band cannot explain the universe, then the big bang cannot effectively serve as an explanation of the universe and the occurrence of the big bang must be rejected. Gabriele Veneziano, however, accepts both the big bang and the string theory. To accept the big bang along with string theory, it is required that big bang did not involve a moment of infinite density, and that the universe predated the big bang. It is probably correct that the presupposed symmetries of the string theory suggest that time did not have a beginning nor will it have an end. If so, the pre-big epoch would have necessarily shaped the cosmos, with the big bang theory being rejected as the explanation of the present-day universe. The string theory in no way whatsoever can serve as an explanation, or even a description of the present-day cosmos. The big bang theory is apparently accepted, even though unreasonably so, in order for it to be used to explain the existing universe. If this be the case, then the string theory is useless in explaining the cosmos before or after a big bang.
Aristotle realized that out of nothing, nothing comes. Augustine contended that God existed outside of time and space. Since the universe itself was God`s creation, there was no universe until God created it, with only the preexistence of God outside of time and space. Without recognizing it, many contemporary scientists agree with the Christian theologian in their acceptance of the myth of a singularity. It is a misunderstanding of general relativity to believe that Einstein accepted the myth of a singularity. Under general relativity, an object does not exist in or travel in the curvature of space time but is space time. He ingenuously used geometry to replace the need of the concept of ether, or of God, to explain objects and their behavior. He clearly never believed that nothing can give rise to something. Yet, it is believed by Dr. Veneziano that physicists Stephen Hawkins and Roger Penrose "proved" in the 1960`s that time "cannot extend back indefinitely." Hawkins and Penrose were not theologians, and as scientists they never proved that the cosmos existed outside of time and spasce.
The Universe in its enfolding of forces and forms give rise to what is treated by scientists as the expansion of the universe as well as the what is construed as gravity. The expansion is clearly not due to a big bang and establishes that the universe is in a steady state. Based upon their confused understanding of what is occurring,some astromomers are puzzled by the fact that the properties of the Milky Way are basically the same as those of distant galaxies. This fact clearly shows the steady state nature of the universe as well as establishing the big bang as a myth. The constant origination of matter in the Milky Way is shown by the cosmic background radiation and the constant extinction of matter by "black holes," resulting in the steady state of the Milky Way.
Necessarily the properties of the cosmos would be the the same throughout the uiverse. As a result of an unreasonable adherence to a big bang, some astromomers presuppose that universe went through a period of accelerated expansion, known as inflation, early in its history. Before inflation, light between galaxies allowed communication among them, but during inflation contact was no longer possible between them. When the presupposed inflation receded, the galaxies as a result of a presupposed deceleration in expansion came in contact with each other since the speed of recession was no longer greater than the presupposed velocity of light.
Prior Assumption of Matter being Continuos
Many persons used to believe that matter was continuous. It is now generally recognized that matter is made upon by atoms and atoms by uniting together form the various objects of our world. Today, the granularity of matter is taken for granite. Since time and space from one point of view are ingredients of matter, it is reasonable to suppose that time and space would likewise be granular. Moreover, the granular geometry of matter might necessarily be derivative from granular nature of time and space. Under generaL relativity, moreover, an object itself become equivalent to its geometrical properties. There would appear to be no reason to suppose that geometry would require a finite universe finitely divisible. Originally, Einstein accepted that the universe was infinite, even though mathematicians thereafter convinced him that mathematically the universe must be treated as finite.
If we could break up space, would we reach atoms of space, or irreducible volumes, that cannot be broken up into anything smaller? As to time does change occur continuously or does change occur in tiny steps, like a digital computer? The theory of "loop quantum gravity" does, in fact, claim that time and space are made up of discrete pieces. Calulations based upon this assumption are useful in supportinng the presuppositions of the big bang and black holes. The fact that quanta of time and space might exist does not establish that these quanta are irreducible. Space and time might be quantumised into infinitely divisible ranges of quanta, even though each range might be a member of a finite number of ranges.
Quantum mechnics was formulated in the first quarter of the 20th century. The equations of quantum mechanics requires energy to come in discrete units. These equations were successful in describing the behavior of atoms and the elementary particles and forces attributed to them. At the same tome as the development of quantum mechanics, Einstein formulated his theory of general relativity, which is a theory of gravity. Quantum theory has been most successful in both requiring and explaining the small scale properties of things, and general relativity, which is non-quantum and classical in nature, is most successful in both requiring and explaining the behavior of large masses. There is a clear need for a theory that unites quantum mechanics and general relstivity. The physics of the microscopic is that of quantum physics, and general relativity is a theory of the macrocosm, of gravity, and of the equivalence of aceleration and gravity. For this reason, scientists have developed the theory of quantum gravity.
The fundamental principles of quantum mechanics and of general relstivity have been combined into the theory of "loop quantum gravity." In this theory, allowed quantum states of space are represented by diagrams of lines and nodes termed spin networks, with quantum spacetime being represented by similar diagrams termed spin foams. A large body of mathematical procedures have been developed to turn a classical theory, such as general relativity, into a quantum theory. Attempts during the 1960s and 1970s were not successful. Physicist became convinced additional postulates or principles needed to be developed to unite the two fields. They did not consider the likelihood that both fields were based upon presuppositions in each field that were not supported by experiment and that these presuppositions needed to be discarded. There was really no inconsistency in the experimental results conducted in the fields but only inconsistency based upon improper presuppositions used in both fields.
Instead of formulating a reference system better suited to treating phenonema as geometrical in nature, Einstein used the Cartesian reference system in which Cartesian coordinates become covariant with respect to arbitrary continuous transformation of the coordinates. A synchronous reference system would have been better suited for the space time geometry of general relativity, and Einstein incorporated unneeded comlexity to the general theory of relsativity. A synchronous reference system would have been better adapted to mathematical calculations based upon light as an active force instead of its being treated under general relativity as radiant energy.For a discussion of various reference systems, click here. In the attempt to unify general relativity to quantum mechanics, the use of the Cartesian reference system would seem to be misguided.
Physicists have generally been more interested in turning general relativity into a quantum-like theory instead of incorporating quantum mechanics into general relativity. The attempt to quantumize general relativity would necessarily increased greatly the complexity of general relativity, which should be freed from presuppositions that only interfere with the great explanatory power of general relativity. The quantumization of general relativity would also necessarily increase the attempt to use the Cartesian reference systyem instead of a more appropriate reference system. The reference system used to explain synclinal folds that are a part of the enfolding universe is necessarily a synchronous reference system.
One approach at unification was the string theory discussed above in this article. But, this attempt at unification has not been convincing. In the mid 1980s several researchers, including Lee Smolin at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics at Waterloo, Ontario, Abhay Ashrekar, now at Pennsylvania State University, Ted Jacobson of the University of Maryland, and Carlo Rovelli, now at University of the Mediterranean in Marseilli, decided to reexamine the question of whether quantum mechanics could be consistently combined with general relativity. They recognized that previous attempts assumed that the geometry of space was smooth and continuous. For this reason, they attempted to formulate calculations without any presuppositions at all. They did, however, accepted the presuppositions inherent in both quantum mechanics and general relativity, including that light was a quantum, that matter was not infinitely divisible, and the laws of thermodynamics applied and that matter cannot be originated or extinguished. None of these presuppositions are required in the theory of synclinal folds as being a manifestation in an enfolding universe.
Based Upon Both Inductive and Deductive Reasoning
An analysis of the Cosmos must necessarily be freed for presuppositions that interfere with understanding the significance of scientific experiments. It must also be based upon understanding the general, the particlar, and the means of relating the general and to the particle. We use induction to go from the particular to the general, deduction to go from the general to the particle, and we use mathematics to relate together the general and particular. All meaningful thinking involves both induction and deduction and great thinkers, such as Newton and Einstein, had both inductive and deductive talents, with the ability to anticipate by deductive reasoning the results of experiments that have not been conducted.
We know that both matter and consciousness are manifestations in our enfolding universe. They are interrelated in one of three possible ways, which are (1) matter is primary and conscious is derivative from matter or is based upon patterns of organization of matter, (2) consciousness is primary with matter being derivative from consciousness or less rarified than consciousness, or (3)matter and consciousness are both primary, with scientists usually studying matter only because matter is more easily studied. The Unified Theory of Consciousness and Matter is based upon the assumption that consciousness is primary. Both consciousness and matter exist in time and space, with consciousness underlying matter.The enfolding universe and synclinal folds do not exist in time and space, they are not in motion, and they exist independently of time, space, consciousness, and matter. In a synchronous universe time, space, motion, and things do not exist, but the universe does exist in the eternal now.
Consciousness and matter are both manifestations in time and space that are in movement. They are also both derivative from something else. Under the theory of the enfolding universe based upon synchronal folds, which might be synclinal or antisynclinal in nature, it becomes clear that the enfolding together of force and form leads to motion, consciousness, and matter. Force and form are neither consciousness nor matter. Force is also not motion. The force of gravity is not motion although as a force it may cause the Newtonian apple to fall, thereby giving rise to motion.
The Enfolding Universe necessarily is based upon time and space being infinite in all dimensions, with time being infinite in its duration and its divisibility and space being infinite in its extension and its divisibility. There could be no beginning nor end to time and space, and the universe could not have been created nor could it ever be destroyed. Something cannot arise from nothing and something could never become nothing, although it may change its manner of expression or manifestation. There are two great forces, one being a centripetal force from a point of origination, and the other a centripetal force towards the point of extinction. Matter is not being either created nor destroyed but a centripetal force is entering and withdrawing from our segue and a centrifugal is arriving and then withdrawing fom our segue. A segue goes from microcosmic and macrocosmic horizons. At the microcosmic horizon force goes from the segue microcosmic to our segue into our segue, and at the macrocosmic horizon force goes from our segue to the segue macrocosmic to our segue. A segue is a finite unit of time and space, which has an infinite number of segues in duration, extension, and divisibility. A segue necessarily has an infinite number of segues macroscopic and microscopic to it.
Synchronal folds enter into patterns of organization that give rise to motion and matter. The article on the hydrogen molecule discusses how synchronal folds, either anticlinal or synclinal in nature, give rise to the rotation of hydrogen atoms that constitute the diatomic molecule of hydrogen. © Wilson Ogg