Illusion of Expanding Universe by Jim Jastrzebski

Illusion of Expanding Universe

The site's purpose

To publish results that lead to a conclusion that the observed expansion of the universe is an illusion caused by certain relativistic feature of gravity called here "general time dilation" .

If the results are wrong, to create an opportunity to find the error. Since 1985 the results have been examined by several editors and referees of scientific journals ( Nature, Phys. Rev. Lett., Science, Astrophysical Journal, etc.) and no real error (one that would disqualify the idea) has been found. Neither in the assumptions nor in the six lines of high school calculus that generate the results (see page Errors that shows the negative opinions of editors, referees, and those readers who cared to express an opinion).

To encourage the reader to read the rest of the story rather than think that Jim is nuts who imagines that he noticed something in Einstein's theory of gravity that all the physicists (except Einstein) couldn't see, and to save time of many people who think that Jim needs lecturing on physic, mathematics, Newtonian gravity, tired light effect, and many other subjects that many people feel proper to lecture Jim on, a backround and history of the results is provided to suggest that Jim is rather a rational guy who studied the subject thoroughly for many years and yet he still thinks that he might be right.

For those who don't know why Jim's rationality might be questioned or not know that the universe looks as if it were expanding or those who think that gravity, especially relativistic, and the spacetime metric may be too complicated stuff to be interesting, there are pages for clarifying those issues. The pages are meant to demonstrate that many subjects become simple if properly explained. Even subjects that are considered the most difficult to understand like Einsteinian gravity (to physicists) or calculus (to high school students). The pages are planned to grow in proportion to readers interest in those issues as expressed by questions to Jim. So questions and comments, especially critical ones, are welcome. Even if they are about Newtonian gravity, tired light effect, modern art, American democracy, or any other subject that the reader might want to discuss.

Site's pages

The history of events leading to the results about the universe. Those who are interested only in the results should skip this page. The page is meant only to promote credibility of the author among those readers who rely on who said something rather than what was said, and who would rather believe known scientists like John Archibald Wheeler, Steven Weinberg, Stephen Hawking, Roger Penrose, or even John Paul II and many others who insist that the universe is really expanding than one Jim Jastrzebski who is so dumb that he is not even sure of the proper pronunciation of his own name, and yet he has nerve to promote some obscure Einsteinian gravity and to maintain that it explains Hubble's redshift without the expansion of the universe.

Physics of Illusion of Expanding Space. The details of the results. A paper for general audience, with two appendices for especially curious who suspect (or are sure of) a hidden error. They are welcome to expose any error they find, logical, mathematical, grammatical or otherwise. As mentioned, the site has been created with a hope that someone will find a fundamental error in the results but finding any error will be appreciated too. All errors, real and alleged, found by the readers are going to be listed on page Errors, either as direct quotes from the authors or in an abbreviated form, between brackets, if too long to be safe for the limit the provider allows for this web site or if their contents may be summarized in a much shorter statement witout misinterpreting the main thought.
Paper from February 12, 1985, expanded and edited for general audience and those who don't understand Einsteinian gravity but want to express their opinion about the paper anyway.
Errors, real (none yet) and alleged, as perceived by the referees and editors of scientific journals and proposed by the readers.
Updated February 23, 2000
Calculus for Poets and Chemists and all those who would like to understand the math of the proposed explanation of the illusion of expansion of the universe but were not paying enough attention in their math classes.
Last rev: October 2000
Einsteinian Gravity for Poets and Science Teachers. Explanation what difference there is between science and magic and also what acceleration and curved spacetime is and why things tend to fall on themselves rather then fly away despite that, as shown by Einstein, they don't attract each other.
Last rev: April 2002
Universe. The shape of its space, ideas about its expansion, Hubble's constant, the big bang hypothesis, etc. (UNDER CONSTRUCTION)
Sanity issues. Were Einstein and Jim insane when they insisted (for different reasons) that the metric of the spacetime must be non symmetric? (UNDER CONSTRUCTION)